Conventional burner technology

This justifies all the work undertaken to arrive at fuel denitrification which, as is well known, is difficult and costly. Moreover, technological improvements can bring considerable progress to this field. That is the case with low NO burners developed at IFF. These consist of producing separated flame jets that enable lower combustion temperatures, local oxygen concentrations to be less high and a lowered fuel s nitrogen contribution to NOj. formation. In a well defined industrial installation, the burner said to be of the low NO type can attain a level of 350 mg/Nm, instead of the 600 mg/Nm with a conventional burner. 

Short-wave burners The concept of such gas IR burners (called RADIMAX) was developed in 2005. They differ from conventional burners in that combustion does not take place at the burner surface, but rather inside an inert three-dimensional porous medium. This combustion technology emits very intense IR radiation for applications in industrial drying and heating. 

Fluidized bed combustion is a newer technology that burns coal in an efficient manner and can produce both electricity and heat. A mixture of finely crushed coal and limestone rides on a stream of air, which allows the coal to be burned at temperatures lower than conventional coal burners. This reduces the nitrogen oxide produced. The limestone absorbs sulfur from the coal, which reduces the sulfur dioxide. 

The Pyretron thermal destruction technology is a burner system designed to be used in conjunction with any conventional transportable or fixed rotary kiln incinerator and is intended to increase the efficiency of conventional incineration. The commercially available technology controls the heat input during incineration by controlling excess oxygen available to oxidize hazardous waste. 

The Praxair Oxygen Combustion System (OCS) is an oxygen burner that produces a flame with a temperature comparable to the flame temperature of conventional air burners. The technology... 

The Cello pulse combustion burner system is an ex sitn technology for the enhancement of combustion devices. Cello pulse combustion can be incorporated into the constrnction of most new combustion devices or can be retrofit to most existing incinerators, boilers, and dryers. The system can be used to treat any material typically treated in a conventional incinerator, including soils, sludges, medical wastes, and liquids contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or semivolatile organic componnds (SVOCs). The CeUo system has been installed in commercial systems and is commercially available. 

Figure 1.36 shows an air/fuel process where the air is enriched with O2. This may be referred to as low-level O2 enrichment or premix enrichment. Many conventional air/fuel burners can be adapted for this technology [40]. The O2 is injected into the incoming combustion air supply, usually through a diffuser to ensure adequate mixing. This is usually an inexpensive retrofit that can provide substantial benefits. Typically, the added O2 will shorten and intensify the flame. However, there may... 

The feedstock, which may range from natural gas to naphtha, is heated and desulfurized (usually in a conventional ZnO/CoMoX bed ) to levels below 1 ppm after which steam is added and the combined feed is introduced into the ATR. The upper part of the reactor basically consists of a burner, mounted on the reactor shell the burner itself is the key item of the autothermal reactor and is critical for the reactor operation. In this part of the reactor, temperatures until 1,400°C are reached. The burner design is a proprietary design of the technology supplier. Flame stability, in combination with a sootless operation, is the key requirement for proper burner operation. This is accomplished with the correct ratio of feedstock, oxygen, and steam. 

Seo ct al. reported on the development and operation of a 100-kW natural gas fuel processor, tvhich tvas developed for a molten carbonate fuel cell [609]. The molten carbonate fuel cell does not require any carbon monoxide clean-up (see Section 2.3.2), and thus the system consisted merely of a burner to supply the steam reformer, a compressor, heat-exchangers, the desulfurisation stage and the reformer itself. The reformer was built by relying on conventional technology with tubular reactors top-fired externally from the natural gas burner. The 16 steam reformer tubes shown in Figure 9.33 were operated at a S/C ratio of 2.6 and 3-bar pressure, while the design operating temperature was 700 °C. Seo et al. reported that the efficiency of their system was still too low. Therefore, an improved version of the fuel processor is under development. 

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