Controlled substances drugs Schedule

Prescriptions Prescriptions for controlled substances must be written in ink and include the following Date name and address of the patient name, address, and DEA number of the physician. Oral prescriptions must be promptly committed to writing. Controlled substance prescriptions may not be dispensed or refilled more than 6 months after the date issued or be refilled more than 5 times. A written prescription signed by the physician is required for schedule II drugs. In case of emergency, oral prescriptions for schedule II substances may be filled however, the physician must provide a signed prescription within 72 hours. Schedule II prescriptions cannot be refilled. A triplicate order form is necessary for the transfer of controlled substances in schedule II. Forms are available for the individual prescriber at no charge from the DEA. 

On February 18, 2000, the Hillary Farias and Samantha Reed Date-Rape Prohibition Act (Public Law 106-172) made the GHB precursor GBL a List I chemical, subject to the criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions of the Controlled Substances Act. On March 13, 2000, GHB became a Schedule I controlled substance (65 FR 13235-13238), subject to the regulatory controls and the criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions of the Controlled Substances Act. Schedule I, which is the same as for heroin, LSD, and marijuana, states that the drug has no medical use and cannot be prescribed, and that the drug has a high potential for abuse. 

At the Federal level, controlled substances are listed within a system of five schedules in the Controlled Substances Act. These Schedules are described in Table 1.2. Schedule I contains the most strongly controlled substances, while Schedule V includes the most moderately controlled. Those drugs contained in Schedules II to V may be prescribed, while those in Schedule I may not. The data in the table illustrate a point which requires to be addressed, particularly at cross-border (International, State or County) levels, that is, one of nomenclature. In the United Kingdom, heroin is taken to mean the mixture of products resulting from the synthesis of diamorphine from morphine. Both compounds are listed separately in UK legislation, although heroin is not. However, in the United States, heroin can sometimes be taken to mean diamorphine and the two are sometimes used interchangeably. 

One file for all other drugs dispensed (noncontrolled and those controlled substances in Schedule III-V). If tbis method is used, a prescription for a Schedule III-V... 

There are several ways to classify drugs of abuse. The most relevant classification to forensic science is the legal classification whereby the federal and state codes classify drugs of abuse as controlled substances by schedule. For the purposes of this chapter ihe discussion of the application of GC to drugs of abuse is limited to controlled substances. For the application of GC to other drugs, the reader is referred to Chapter 14 on clinical applications of GC. 

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 regulates die manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of drugs that have abuse potential (see information under Federal Drag Legislation and Enforcement in diis chapter). Drag under the Controlled Substances Act are divided into five schedules, based on their potential for abuse and physical and psychological dependence Display 1-2 describes the five schedules. 

If (his application applies to a drug product that FDA has proposed lor scheduling under the Controlled Substances Acf, I agree nol to market the product unlil the Drug Enlorcemeni Administraiion makes a final schedulirtg decision. 

GHB has been used both for legitimate clinical and chnical research purposes and for a range of iUicit purposes. It was marketed legally in the United States until 1990, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned its sale to consumers. Except for the one indication described later in this section, GHB is a Schedule I controlled substance without other FDA-approved indications. The FDA has also declared y-butyrolactone (GBL) as a List I chemical and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) as a Class I health hazard, practically designating these GHB precursors, which are also industrial solvents, as illicit and unapproved new drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2000). 

In 1970, the U.S. government passed the Controlled Substances Act, which classified all drugs into one of five categories, or schedules. In effect, this law classified drugs... 

In 1970, the U.S. government passed the original Controlled Substances Act, and under this law methamphetamine was classified as a Schedule II drug in its injectable form and a Schedule III in its noninjectable (pill) form. However, a year later, both forms of methamphetamine were reclassified as Schedule II drugs. Today, it is still sold under the name Des-oxyn for a few medical uses, such as for the treatment of atten-tion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. 

In 2000, the FDA classified GHB as a Schedule I controlled substance. Punishment for possession, sale, or use of GHB became as severe as for other Schedule I drugs, including up to 20 years in prison. However, GHB was also subclassified as a Schedule III controlled substance, allowing for its medical use in patients with narcolepsy (see box on page 50). 

Seizures of all of the substances in Tables I and II, with the exception of isosafrole and piperonal, both substances used in the illicit manufacture of MDMA (Ecstasy), have been reported for 2003 by 43 Governments, and seizures of 65 non-controlled chemicals have been reported by 22 Governments. As the information relating to non-controlled substances is essential to the revision of the adequacy and propriety of the current lists of substances in Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention, as well as to the maintenance of the limited international special surveillance list of non-scheduled substances, the Board encourages Governments to ensure that mechanisms are in place to record information on all chemicals found to be used in the illicit manufacture of drugs and not only those scheduled under the 1988 Convention. 

In the United States today, the legal standard by which "good and "bad" drugs are now measured is the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. This act divides all known drugs into one of five classes, known as schedules. The primary criterion by which a compound is placed into one or another schedule is its potential for abuse, that is, its potential for addictive or otherwise harmful nonmedical applications. The Controlled Substances Act provides detailed descriptions of, restrictions on, and penalties for the use of chemical compounds in each of the five schedules. These schedules are defined as follows ... 

GHB has met a somewhat different fate in the United States, however. In 1990, the FDA banned the sale of the drug in the United States because of its concerns over possible risks to human health. In view of the generally positive research on the drug s use, the sci-entihc basis of the FDA s decision was not entirely clear at the time to some observers. In any case, the drug s legal status was clarified in 2000 when the DEA classihed it as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act. 

Some analogs of GHB are also available on the street. These include gamma hydroxyvalerate (GHV), gamma butyrolactone (GBL), gamma valerolactone (GVL), and 1,4-hutanediol. The last three of these drugs all metabolize into GHB, so they have effects similar to those of GHB itself. None of the four analogs of GHB has yet been classified by the DEA in any one of the five schedules defined by the Controlled Substances Act. 

Drug abuse and dependence Pregabalin is a schedule V controlled substance. Pregabalin is not known to be active at receptor sites associated with drugs of abuse. 

Medications under the control of the US Drug Enforcement Agency (Schedules I-V controlled substances) are indicated by the symbol (C). Most medications are uncontrolled" and do not require a DEA prescriber number on the prescription. The following is a general description for the schedules of DEA-controlled substances ... 

Codeine is a natural alkaloid found in the opium plant. As a pharmaceutical, codeine is used as an analgesic, antitussive, and antidiar-rheal. Codeine is also commonly combined with other cough suppressants as well as with aspirin and ibuprofen. In the United States, codeine is a Schedule III controlled substance, which means that its distribution is more tightly regulated than unscheduled drugs. Codeine has pain-relieving qualities principally because, once in the body, about 10 percent of codeine turns into morphine. This conversion occurs in the liver, where an enzyme changes codeine s... 

Opium, as a rather complex drug with numerous forms used both medically and nonmedically, is scheduled by the DEA very specifically. Every aspect of the opium plant is considered a Schedule II controlled substance (Table 11.1). This means that it is illegal to possess or sell opium without a DEA license or prescription. More specifically, the DEA lists opium with the following wording ... 

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