Controlled Encapsulation

Out of these assemblies, microemulsion droplets and swollen micelles have been widely used as nanoreactors for inorganic nanoparticie synthesis [20-23]. These self-assembled nanosized beakers/droplets provide a robust and tunable environment that permits size-controlled encapsulation of... 

Du and coworkers [122] prepared vesicles from poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine-fe-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PMPC-fe-PDPA) directly in water without any cosolvents. These vesicles are stable at physiological pH and completely dissociate below pH 6. Moreover, they are very close analogues of conventional liposomes due to the biomimetic phosphorylcholine motif. Further research demonstrated that these polymersomes are efficient systems for pH-controlled encapsulation and delivery of DNA [218],... 

Encapsulated islets secreted insulin into the extracapsule medium (here aMEM with 50 mg/dL glucose 24 h static incubation) at a rate that appeared to be one-third that of control islets (Fig. 20) based on the number of islets added to the encapsulation syringe (typically 100-150) for up to 30 days after encapsulation. Unfortunately the capsules were opaque so that it was impossible to determine the actual number of islets in a batch of capsules until the end of an experiment. According to a vital stain (alcian blue), 70-80% of the islets (after 4 weeks) inside the capsule were intact and viable. However the yield of encapsulated islets was 30% relative to the number added to the syringe. Hence the insulin secretion values, based on the actual number of islets in the capsules, was comparable to that for the control. Encapsulated rat islets also responded to... 

Diaz JE, Barrero A, Marquez M and Loscertales IG, Controlled encapsulation of hydrophobic liquids in hydrophilic polymer nanofibers by co-electrospin-nmg ,Adv. Funct. Mater.,2006,16,2110-2116. 

A drop-on-demand inlqet technique has been presented that prints onto geometrically-patterned silicon substrates. This enables the controlled fabrication of hemispherical microcapsules. The method opens new paths for controlled encapsulation of liquids into smart microsystems. 

A biological solution to glucose control, encapsulated islet cells, has been under investigation for several years. Recently, some success has been reported in the dog. Because encapsulated islets are not physical systems, as the title of this volume requires, encapsulated islet cells will not be considered here. 

Wang X, li Z, Yang Y, Gong X, liao Y, Xie X. Photomechanically controlled encapsulation and release from pH-responsive and photoresponsive microc sules. Langmuir 2015 31(19) 5456-63. 

Xing C, Yang G, Wang D, Zeng C, Jin Y, Yang R, Suehiro Y, Tsubaki N. Controllable encapsulation of cobalt clusters inside carbon nanombes as effective catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Catal Today 2013 215 24-8. 

Our interest is in using giant vesicles as microcompartments and as models for precursors to cells. To entrap solute molecules microinjection is used because this technique is mild and allows the controlled encapsulation of the solute molecules into a target giant vesicle [7]. 

Reversible photochemical transformations by Scheme 5.107 between the hemicarcerand 834 and its closed carcerand derivative 835 are reported in [106]. A photoswitchable cycle between the open (hemicarcerand) and closed (carcerand) states of this host has been controlled by using different wavelengths of radiation, and the controlled encapsulation and release of the guest molecules such as 1,4-dimethoxybenzene have been also observed in this work. 

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