Continental shelf production

The fiscal system set by the host government determines the method by which the host nation claims its entitlement to income from the production and sale of hydrocarbons. The simplest fiscal system is the tax and royalty scheme, such as that applied to income from production in the UKCS (United Kingdom Continental Shelf). 

Fluid deposits are defined as those which can be recovered in fluid form by pumping, in solution, or as particles in a slurry. Petroleum products and Frasch process sulfur are special cases. At this time no vaUd distinction is made between resources on the continental shelf and in the deep oceans. However, deep seabed deposits of minerals which can be separated by differential solution are expected to be amenable to fluid mining methods in either environment. 

To recover oil from the continental shelf of arctic Canada and Alaska, drilling and production platforms must be built some miles offshore, in roughly 40 m of water. This is not a great depth, and would present no new problems were it not that the sea freezes in winter to a depth of around 2 m. Wind blowing across the surface of the ice sheet causes it to move at speeds up to 1 m s pressing it against the structure. Ice is... 

Snohvit will also be the first major development on the Norwegian continental shelf without support from a floating unit. A sub sea production system on the seabed will feed the land-based LNG plant via a 0.68 m ID, 160 km two-phase pipeline. In addition two chemical lines, an umbilical and a separate pipeline for the transport of carbon dioxide will be included. The unprocessed well stream from Snohvit is separated and the gas is treated and cooled to a temperature below the boiling point (-162 °C) to form LNG. This operation employs a large cold box (40 m high and a footprint of 15x17 meter). 

Pomeroy, L.R., 1979. Secondary production mechanisms of continental shelf communities. In R.3. Livingstone (ed.). Ecological processes in coastal and marine ecosystems, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 163-186. 

Turner, R. E., N. N. Rabelais, and Z. N. Zhang. 1990. Phytoplankton biomass, production and growth limitations on the Huanghe (Yellow River) continental shelf. Continental Shelf Research 10 545-571. 

Chen, N., Bianchi, T.S., and Bland, J.M. (2003a) Novel decomposition products of chlorophyll-a in continental shelf (Louisiana shelf) sediments Formation and... 

Eadie, B.J., McKee, B.A., Lansing, M.B., Robbins, J.A., Metz, S., and Trefrey, J.H. (1994) Records of nutrient-enhanced coastal ocean productivity in sediments from the Louisiana continental shelf. Estuaries 17, 754—765. 

The general environmental situation in the coastal regions of the Black Sea is very complicated and is close to critical [3]. The recent decades have witnessed growing pollution of waters with total phosphorus and nitrogen (Danube seaside), petroleum products (nearby Sebastopol and the Georgian coast), detergents and phenols (the southern coast of Crimea), phenols and pesticides (Odessa coast). Here the quality of coastal waters is determined not so much by the source of the pollutants and the width of the continental shelf, but by the nature and intensity of currents in the particular regions. 

Naqvi SWA, Jayakumar RA, Narvekar PV, Naik H, Sarma WSS, D souza W, Joseph S, George MD (2000) Increased marine production of N20 due to intensifying anoxia on the Indian continental shelf. Nature 408 346-349... 

Figure 6.1 Gas production platform SLEIPNER in the North Sea, near the western boundary of the Norwegian continental shelf part.

Smith, W. O. Jr., and D. J. DeMaster. 1996. "Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Amazon River plume correlation with seasonal river discharge." Continental Shelf Research 16 291-319. 

Apphcation to the smdy of proteolysis and proteolytic products. Biol. Chem. 9, 185—204. Vance-Harris, C., and Ingah, E. (2005). Denitrification pathways and rates in the sandy sediments of the Georgia continental shelf, USA. Geochem. Trans. 6(1), 12—18. 

Burford, L. A., and Rothlisberg, P. C. (1999). Factors limiting phytoplankton production in a tropical continental shelf ecosystem. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 48, 541—549. 

Chen, Y.-L., Lu, H.-B., Shiah, F.-K., Gong, G. C., Liu, K.-K., andKanda,. (1999). New production and f-ratio on the continental shelf of the East China Sea Comparisons between nitrate inputs from the subsurface Kuroshio Current and the Changjiang River. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sd. 48, 59—IS. 

Dortch, Q., Bode, A., and TwiUey, R. R. (1992). Nitrogen uptake and regeneration in surface waters of the Louisiana continental shelf influenced by the Mississippi River. Proceedings of NECOP (Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity), NOAA, LUMCON. pp. 52—56. 

Chen, X., Lohrenz, S. E., and Wiesenburg, D. A. (2000). Distribution and controlling mechanisms of primary production on the Louisiana- Texas continental shelf J. Mar. Syst. 25, 179—207. 

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