Content oily organic

Soluble organic content Oily organic content... 

Oily Organic Content. The partition of pesticides from water into oils of petroleum origin in natural waters as surface slicks and sedimented oil have recently been reported (23). The extracting of pesticides from samples containing oil globules which partition pesticides is a new problem which aquatic residue chemists must solve. 

Intermolecular forces Momentary unstable forces that act between stable molecules or between functional groups of macromolecules Intramolecular forces Any force that holds atoms or ions together in a molecule or compound. They can be covalent, ionic, or metallic Linearity A linear relationship in HPLC is demonstrated when the plot of the detector response as a function of concentration or content is found to be a straight line by statistical means. The linearity of an analytical procedure is its ability to obtain results directly proportional to the concentration of analyte in the substance (ICH Q2 Rl) Lipophilic A substance that has an affinity for lipids that is, it will dissolve much more readily in lipids (oily organic compounds) than it will in water... 

Oily fishmeal is allowed in organic rations and it has an even higher essential amino acid content than full-fat soya. However, its use in poultry rations is limited partly by cost, restrictions on the source of the fishmeal imposed by organic standards, the fact that some customers demand birds that are fed on a vegetable-based diet and concerns about fishy taints to the product (Walker and Gordon, 2001). 

Usually, activities of enzymes (hydrogenases included) are investigated in solutions with water as the solvent. However, enhancement of enzyme activity is sometimes described for non-aqueous or water-limiting surroundings, particular for hydrophobic (or oily) substrates. Ternary phase systems such as water-in-oil microemulsions are useful tools for investigations in this field. Microemulsions are prepared by dispersion of small amounts of water and surfactant in organic solvents. In these systems, small droplets of water (l-50nm in diameter) are surrounded by a monolayer of surfactant molecules (Fig. 9.15). The water pool inside the so-called reverse micelle represents a combination of properties of aqueous and non-aqueous environments. Enzymes entrapped inside reverse micelles depend in their catalytic activity on the size of the micelle, i.e. the water content of the system (at constant surfactant concentrations). 

Several emerging processes may be applicable for treatment of oily drilling muds prior to disposal. One process being tested in Europe involves the use of an electric distillation kiln to break down solids-laden oil-based drilling muds [13]. Another process uses critical fluid to extract oil and organics from oily sludges so that they can be landhlled [34]. Copa and Dietrich [14] treated a sample of spent drilling mud with wet air oxidation. The COD content was reduced by 45 to 64% and the dewaterability of the mud was improved. 

A South African shale, Torbanite,was ground with water in a porcelain ball mill. Oil (unspecified) was added in sufficient quantity to form a paste with the organic-rich fraction and grinding was continued. Mineral matter became suspended in the aqueous phase and this was discarded. The oily paste was solvent washed, dried and analyzed. The ash content was reduced from an original value of less than 40 percent to a value of about 10 percent. 

Solids (TDS), Organic Dissolved Solids (ODS). For elemental content determination of the water samples Emission Spectroscopy was made and for the quantitative determination of significant metals - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ( Perkin Elmer-323 ) and UV-spectroscopy ( Perkin Elmer-5000 ). Based on the preliminary experiments (Koumanova et al., 1983) the following optimum conditions for extraction of the hydrocarbons from polluted with oily products water samples were established an adsorption on natural sorbent, followed by an eluation with methylene chloride and additional extraction with methylene chloride at pH 2. The concentrated extract was analyzed with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for identification and quantitative determination of the extracted hydrocarbons. 

TABLE 1. Gas chromatography data and Mass Spectral identification of organic content in water sample polluted with oily products. 

The content of the organic compounds in the sample from water body after wastewater treatment plant of refinery is highest because of oily contamination. 

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