Containers phosgene

The Sodium Iodide Method. The determination of phosgene by this method, due to the Chemisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt, is carried out by titrating the iodine liberated when a gas mixture containing phosgene but free from acid gases, reacts with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone. The reaction is as follows ... 

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Chlorocresol can be irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Eye protection, gloves, and protective clothing are recommended. Chlorocresol presents a slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. It burns to produce highly toxic fumes containing phosgene and hydrogen chloride. 

Although nonflammable, when heated to decomposition chlorofluorocarbons emit toxic fumes containing phosgene and fluorides. Although not as volatile as dichlorodifluoroethane or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, trichloromonofluoromethane should be handled as indicated above. Since it is a liquid at room temperature, caution should be exercised in handling this material to prevent spillage onto the skin. It is an irritant to the eyes. 

In 1833, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas while adding absolute ethyl alcohol in a flask containing phosgene, discovered its first synthetic derivative (Ref. 2). He noticed a strong and instant heating, and after work-up and analysis, he identified the resulting compound as a new chlo-roxicarbonic ether (ethyl chloroformate). 

Fig. 1.31 From left to right a Livens container (phosgene), a 4 Stokes (Mortar Bomb (chloropicrin) and a 6" shell (mustard gas), found buried at Bramley in 1987 (reproduced with permission of the Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down). They all exhibit an advanced state of corrosion.

CONTAINS PHOSGENE EXTREME HEALTH HAZARD - Harmful or fatal if inhaled, may cause delayed lung injury. Do not breath gas. Do not get liquid in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Use only with adequate ventilation and/or in closed systems. Open containers with care. Have respiratory protection available for... 

Pipes containing phosgene should be plainly labelled in accordance with the appropriate National Standards. Shut-off valves should be conspicuously labelled, and containers which are in use should be suitably marked. 

The rapidity of hydrolysis was also noted by Prentiss (1937) who pointed out that phosgene could not be used successfully in wet weather. Production of hydrochloric acid in shells containing phosgene and some water was also identified as a problem by Prentiss. 

Chloroform is also prepared by chlorination of methane but also by treatment of ethanol with bleaching powder. Because of its tendency to decompose, chloroform contains phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and chlorine as well as other chlorination products of methane it is usually stabilized by addition of 0.5-1.0% of ethanol. The impurities formed by decomposition are removed by washing with water or dilute potassium hydroxide solution. Further purification, which is usually superfluous, can be effected as for methylene dichloride. The same drying agents as in that case may be used of these, calcium chloride and phosphoric oxide are most efficient in removing also the ethanol. 

Below 180°C the decomposition products of pentaplast contain phosgene, at 200-220°C they include carbon oxide, acidic chloranhydrides, formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride. The MFC of these volatiles in air is rather low 0.5mg/m for phosgene, f.Omg/m for formaldehyde, 5.0mg/m for hydrogen chloride and 20mg/m for carbon oxide. As experiments with animals have shown, the products of thermal decomposition of pentaplast multiply their toxic effect when combined. 

Several versions of the TDC have been used extensively for the destruction of chemical weapons. A TC-10 system and a TC-60 system were used at Poelkapelle in Belgium to destroy 3,200 recovered chemical munitions. A TC-25 system was tested at Porton Down in the United Kingdom in 2003. A TC-60 was extensively tested at Porton Down from 2004 to 2006. As described in Chapter 3, this same system was permitted and operated at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii to destroy 71 munitions containing phosgene and chloropicrin. CH2M HILL claims that the Army owns this TC-60 system, and it might be made available for Requirement BG-2.Of special interest is the upgrading of the system at Porton Down between 2004 and 2006 and... 

The EDS-1 was tested at Porton Down, with British munitions and cylinders containing phosgene (CG) and sulfur mustard (HD) as well as a GB-filled container. 

Return of empty containers residue last contained phosgene, 2.3, UN1076, RQ (phosgene), inhalation hazard, poison gas and corrosive labels affixed... 

Phosgene should be piped through a double-skinned conduit, such as a pipe within a pipe. The outer pipe should be continuously monitored for phosgene. Pipes containing phosgene should be distinctively marked. 

RCRA Subtitle C is the cradle-to-grave approach of managing hazardous waste, including generation, storage, shipment, treatment, and disposal. Under RCRA, neutralents produced by the RRS and the MMD may be classified either as listed or characteristic hazardous wastes. If the neutralent waste stream contains phosgene, it will either be classified as a listed hazardous waste, or, if it is corrosive (pH >10), as... 

In the interfacial process, BPA and phosgene react at the boundary of two immiscible liquids, an aqueous alkaline BPA solution and an organic phase containing phosgene. The overall reaction is shown in Scheme 3.7. 

A gas containing phosgene is introduced into a saturated aqueous solution of aniline (2) ... 

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