Containers ozone

Ozongehalt, m. ozone content, ozonhaltig, a. containing ozone, ozoniferous, Ozonisator, Ozoniseur, m. ozonizer. ozonisieren, v.t. ozonize. 

Finally, an accident involved an active carbon filter, which contained potassium iodide and through which gas containing ozone was passing. The detonation of the filter was explained by ozone oxidising iodide into iodate and by the iodate interacting to produce an explosion with the active carbon (see the effect of iodates on metalloids above). 

Alternatively, two parallel cells are used, one of which has air from which 03 has been scrubbed and the other the air containing ozone. These instruments appear to be relatively artifact-free, although interference from high concentrations of photooxidation products in laboratory studies and from contamination of the cell windows has been reported (Meyer et al., 1991 Kleindienst et al., 1993). 

Finally, passive samplers have also been developed for ozone, primarily for use in epidemiological studies. For example, Brauer and Brook (1995) describe the application of a passive sampler in which air containing ozone diffuses through a Teflon membrane and reacts with nitrite. The sampler is then extracted and the nitrate product measured using ion chromatography. 

Ozone cracking - The surface cracks, checks or crazing caused by exposure to an atmosphere containing ozone. 

Taube H, Bray W C (1940) Chain Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Containing Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide and Acid, Journal of the American Chemical Society 62 3357-3373. 

This chapter provides some essentials about the individual components and how they affect ozonation. First the material of the equipment necessary for containing ozone (B 2.1) is examined, followed by the equipment for producing it (B 2.2), and bringing the reactants together (B 2.3). Methods to measure ozone, with their advantages/disadvantages (B 2.4) and the safety aspects to consider (B 2.5) are then discussed. This is rounded off with a list of common questions, problems and pitfalls that we have come across over the years (B 2.6). Perhaps it will be helpful to read before starting your own experiments. 

This method can be used for the determination of the ozone concentration in the gas and/or liquid phase. The measurement takes place in the liquid phase, though, so that to measure a process gas containing ozone, the gas must first be bubbled through a flask containing potassium iodide KI. For the measurement of the liquid ozone concentration, a water sample is mixed with a KI solution. The iodide F is oxidized by ozone. The reaction product iodine 12 is titrated immediately with sodium thiosulfate Na2S203 to a pale yellow color. With a starch indicator the endpoint of titration can be intensified (deep blue). The ozone concentration can be calculated by the consumption of Na2S203. 

K. B. McEachron showed that the fog formed when air containing ozone is passed through an absorbent soln., is chiefly caused by hygroscopic nitrogen pentoxide. According to J. J. Nolan ... 

Some ozone suppliers recommend that the bypass loop be taken from and returned to the pressure side of the main recirculating pumps. A contact/degassing vessel is recommended to prevent air bubbles from entering the cooling system pipework. All sidestream pipework containing ozonated water should be of uPVC or stainless steel construction. 

Using this "spray-drift" technique, half-lives for triflura-lin conversion were measured (Table IV, 25). Under optimum sunlight conditions (August, 12 00 noon) the half-life for triflura-lin dealkylation was 21 minutes. The rate fell off later in the summer, but was still on the order of 3 hours in October. By comparison, laboratory photolysis in air containing ozone was 47 minutes, in reasonable agreement with the field. The rate was slower when no ozone was present in the reactor, and little or no reaction took place without light. 

The second sample contains ozone and nitrogen peroxide and the difference between the nitrite contents of the two bottles is equivalent to the ozone present. The presence in the air of ammonia, sulphur dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide does not interfere with the estimation of ozone and nitrogen peroxide by this method as all three gases are completely absorbed during passage through the chromic anhydride tube. 

What has happened since the discovery that CFCs and other chemicals were harming the ozone layer The chemical industry has invented and produced environmentally friendly refrigerants. All new cars produced in North America have air conditioners that contain ozone-friendly refrigerants. Used CFCs from older refrigeration units are being recycled so that they do not escape into the atmosphere. A lot has already been accomplished, but more remains to be done. 

O3 pressures and [NH3]/[03]o ratios from 5-12. When NH3 was added to the borosilicate glass cell containing ozone, a white aerosol, which deposited on the cell walls and windows, appeared almost immediately and remained even after the cell was evacuated. However for [O3]o 10 Torr, an explosion resulted when NH3 was added. 

As the residence time of aerosols in the stratosphere is 2 yr and in the troposphere 1 week, the Be/ Be ratio of the two air masses is distinctive. Tropospheric air shows the ratio of Be relative to Be of 1.8, whereas stratospheric air has a ratio of 0.13. It is therefore possible to distinguish stratospheric air injected into the troposphere by considering the ratio of Be/ Be. Of course, the stratospheric air will also be higher in Be than the tropospheric air. As stratospheric air will also contain ozone, the interest in this source has been strong to distinguish from pollution-based tropospheric ozone. 

On the basis of work done by Wulf (88), Barbier, Chalonge, and Masriera (8) recently studied oxygen and air containing ozone and plotted the continuous spectrum from 3850 to 6500 A. (the sensitivity limit of their plates) this spectrum proved to be similar to that of active oxygen discovered by Lord Rayleigh [according to Strutt (87)]. 

The iodometric method for the determination of ozone concentration in oxygen consists of absorbing the sample containing ozone in a 2% solution of potassium iodide. The iodine produced is titrated with standard potassium thiosulfate solution, using starch as an indicator. 

It can be concluded that ozone acts only very superficially on wet soft tissues. It is not able to penetrate deeply. This is confirmed by studies of Bohr and Mear (j ), who transfused blood of rabbits, poisoned by ozone, into normal rabbits without any harmful effect. These authors also ventilated only one lung of an animal (turtle or rabbit) with air containing ozone without harmful effects on the normal lung. 

Since 1906 the water of Nice, France, has been sterilized by ozone. Operating data are given for two treating plants. Water sterilized by ozone does not have an unpleasant taste. Mineral substances are not generally modified by the process, and no foreign substances are introduced. A clear water containing ozone in solution which persists from 3 to 10 minutes, according to the temperature of the treated water, is sterile from a practical standpoint. 

An ozone analyser operates with a high degree of the selectivity, based on a chemiluminescent reaction [15, 30]. Rhodamine B, adsorbed on sihca gel is applied onto a disc, which is then exposed to air containing ozone. Radiation emitted is detected by a photomultiplier. Ozone can be determined on the basis of the ozonolysis of 4-4 -dimethylstilbene to yield anisaJdehyde, which is determined by a spectrophotometric measurement at 510 nm [31]. 

Casar and Goldfrank recommend freezing 70-80 ml. of highly concentrated HNO3 (d 1.5) contained in a large, three-neck, round-bottom flask cooled with Dry Ice mixture (see Fig. 186). An O3 stream containing ozone is passed through the flask and... 

In an atmosphere containing ozone, stretched samples of unsaturated elastomers develop surface cracks that grow in length and depth until they eventually sever the test piece. Even when they are quite small, they can cause a serious reduction in strength and fatigue life. Quite small concentrations of ozone will induce cracking, given sufficient time. The effect is so sensitive, in fact, that it is the basis for an ozone detection system (Mott and Roland, 1999). 

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