Containers, cost

Ion Exchange Resins - Very good site for you to visit Contains cost comparisons between RO and ion exchange systems for several design cases. http //www. rohmhaas. com/ionexchange. 

Replacement of organic solvents by water may be done for environmental, cost e.g. reduction in raw materials and VOC containment costs) or technical reasons. In the flavour and fragrance industry, where the presence of even trace amounts of volatile impurities can be detected by the expert nose , significant process costs are entailed in ensuring complete removal of solvent. If reactions can be carried out in water then these additional costs can be saved. As an example geraniol can be isomerized to the important fragrance intermediates a-terpinol and linalol in water at 220 °C (Scheme 5.9). 

However, the extensive and varied experience undergone in Europe and its trend towards greater participation by the user in the financing of pharmaceuticals does not seem to have made any substantial contribution to cost containment. Practically all European countries use drag co-payment with the imphcit objective of making the user jointly responsible for the cost, but not as an essential source of revenue for the public health care system, nor has it proved to be a political instrument with the ability to contain costs or substantially improve efficiency. 

Since the characteristics of vaccines can be well specihed, quality can be (and is) monitored, and the potential for quality improvement is high, their model implies that private enterprise is likely to be more efficient in the vaccine industry too. Indeed, in a later paper, Shleifer (1998) concluded that private ownership should generally be preferred to public ownership when the incentives to innovate and to contain costs must be strong— A good government that wants to further social goals would rarely own producers to meet its objectives. ... 

D12919L, Hmbetz Environmental Services, Inc., Container Cost information, 1996 D14096E, Hmbetz, Environmental Waste Management Magazine, 1991 D14097G, Hmbetz Environmental Services, Inc., vendor information, 1996 D141151, U.S. EPA, VISIT 5.0 (excerpts), 1996... 

Contain cost—since only one in three drugs recovers its cost of development, the pharmaceutical industry needs to find ways to increase the supply of drug candidates while at the same time reduce development costs. Outsourcing to top-tier CROs can accomplish both of these objectives. 

There is intense economic pressure on the pharmaceutical industry by those who pay for its products to make the development of drugs more efficient and thereby reduce or at least contain costs. Industry executives ignore this clamor at their own peril. A widely embraced strategy to improve productivity is to integrate drug discovery and development by bringing company researchers from basic, preclini-... 

D. Manchester, B. Petersen, E. Sujansky, J. Capra, A. Davis, L. Golightly, K. Wruk and B. Rumach, Teratogen information use of existing resources to contain costs, Teratology, 33(3) (1986) 51C. 

Intense competition and pressure on containing costs have pushed many pharmacy owners to seek new sources of revenue for their practices. While various approaches can be adopted, more and more pharmacy managers are choosing the path taken by Debbie in the scenario. That is, the marketing of pharmacy goods and patient care services is becoming more widespread. 

The quantity of the raw materials kept in stock must be a function of both the straight economic cost and the storage life of the materials. The disposal cost of emptied containers must be taken into account. Many containers cost money to dispose of in a safe and legal manner, especially those that have contained isocyanates. 

The term carve-out indicates that administration and management are handled by a specialized PBM company, traditional insurer, or TPA. Carved-out pharmacy benefits provide flexibility, control, and an array of management options to help contain costs and improve quality. 

If we know the cost of a piece-of-equipment at one capacity and the capacity exponent, n, then we can calculate its cost at another capacity. We can find cost data in References [10], [13], [15], [16], and [36]. More recent cost data are contained in References [4], [30], [31], and [37]. Table 2.9 contains costs and capacity exponents of some common equipment. The correlation range given in Table 2.9 gives the size limits for each piece-of-equipment. You should not extrapolate Equation 2.6 too far beyond the limits specified. For example, from Table 2.9, the cost of a... 

Challenged to provide high-quality patient care in the least expensive way, clinicians have developed strategies aimed at containing costs. However, most of these strategies focus solely on determining the least expensive alternative rather than the alternative that... 

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