Constipation case study

Case study level 1 - It is important to be regular constipation and the older person... 

Case study level 1 - Ulcerative colitis 1 Case study level 2 - Constipation 2 Case study level 3 - Irritable bowel syndrome 3 Case study level Ma - Duodenal ulcer 5 Case study level Mb - Ulcerative colitis 6... 

Chris Cairns and Nina Barnett Case study level 1 - It is important to be regular constipation and the older person 409 Case study level 2 - Puffing away makes you lose your puff treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 411 Case study level 3 - Not what you first thought multiple morbidity in older people - acute confusional state, dehydration and Parkinson s disease 412 Case study level Ma - Eating is not the only problem treatment of stroke and its complications in the older person 414 Case study level Mb - Hearts and bones 416... 

Psychotherapy focused on reducing the influence of the CNS on the gut has been studied. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dynamic psychotherapy, relaxation therapy, and hypnotherapy have been reported to be effective in some patients. However, CBT and relaxation therapy do not appear to be better than standard approaches.18 Biofeedback may provide relief in cases of severe constipation, but definitive evidence is lacking.16 Psychotherapy interventions provide relief from pain and diarrhea but not constipation.19... 

All were double-blind controlled evaluations and established iprindole as at least as effective as imipramine, and one study [195] included an examination of the doctor-patient interaction as a factor in such work (a similar discussion was felt necessary, as noted above [179] in the evaluation of oxpertine). In only two [192, 194] of the above reports is it possible to estimate the frequency and severity of anticholinergic side effects, thou in the one case [192] the care taken in the experimental design and the number of patients observed leaves little doubt that the dry mouth, constipation, etc. characteristic of imipramine therapy is either greatly reduced or even absent during iprindole treatment. This point is confirmed in an extension of this team s work to include a 12 month toxicity study [197] which, in addition, failed to produce evidence of haemopoitic, hepatic, cardiac, ocular or renal damage. Similar results followed other work. 

In occupationally exposed humans, chloracne, dermal effects and liver damage are the most common health effects. Some cases with fatal outcome have been reported. Symptoms of PCN poisoning include jaundice, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, anemia, skin problems, eye irritation, headache, fatigue and vertigo. Some of the toxic effects persisted for a long period after the exposure had ceased. In severe cases the patients died [1, 27, 264-266], Studies of experimentally induced chloracne show that tetra-, penta-, and hexaCNs have acnegenic properties when applied on the human skin [263,267]. 

In a double-blind 12-week study of 50 obese patients, adverse effects consisted of dry mouth and a tendency to constipation, except for one case of angioedema and another of peripheral edema and vomiting (SEDA-1, 6). 

Acs, N., F. Banhidy, E.H. Puho, and A.E. Czeizel. 2010. No association between severe constipation with related drug treatment in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring A jxjpulation based case control study. Congen. Anom. 50 (l) 15-20. 

Placebos have side-effects, too. These are ustrally digestive or psychogenic symptoms (constipation, flatulence, diarrhea, anxiety, insomnia), and may occur in 10-20 % of the cases. More frequently taken placebos cause side effects more often. The side effect of placebos is not to be confused with the nocebo effect. The nocebo effect is at work when someone, primarily because of prejudice, reports negative health effects of a substance that is known to cause no harm. The effect is very real as was demonstrated in a study of asthmatic patients. Patients were asked to inhale water vapor and several of those who believed the water vapor contained an allergen experienced a shortness of breath. 

In monogastric, and particularly human, nutrition the term dietary fibre is often used and attention has been focused on its importance in relation to health. Dietary fibre (DF) was defined as lignin plus those polysaccharides that cannot be digested by monogastric endogenous enzymes. Initially epidemiological studies linked a lack of DF to constipation, gut and bowel disorders, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes however, the causes of such diseases are multifactorial and in some cases it is not just DF per se that has the beneficial effects but other aspects of the diet also (e.g. antioxidants). Nevertheless, DF is a major component related to health in humans and it has equally important effects in animals (see below). 

Gastroiutestiual In a randomized study, 87 patients with pain due to herpes zoster infection taking famciclovir were allocated to controlled-release oxycodone, gabapentin, or placebo eight patients withdrew, in four cases because of constipation, and of the others, 15 also had constipation [138, 139. ... 

---