Constant Resistance mode

In the constant-current mode, the current is maintained at a level such that the power output at the cutoff voltage is equal to the level required for acceptable equipment performance. Thus both current and power throughout the discharge are lower than for the constant-resistance mode. The average current drain on the battery is lower and the discharge time or service life to the end of the battery life is longer. 

Fig. 5. Chaotic oscillations of the overall heat generated by propylene oxidation on a Pt ribbon in the constant-resistance mode after [43].

Fig. 13. Some dynamical patterns obtained from simulation of a thermokinetic model under constant resistance mode, see Equations (1,2) after [57].

P 8] The resistance between the electrodes was measured in situ. The power supply was operated in constant-voltage mode [96], A low-volume tracer was injected with a syringe and then applied a voltage of 4 V across the channel. The current was of the order of pA and was below the resolution level of the power supply (10 mA). 

Both kinds of resistive sensors are summarized as unstructured gas sensors. Gas-sensitive field effect transistors (gas FET) are called, however, structured gas sensors. The gate of the FET is sensitized by a gas-sensitive layer (e.g., Pd for H2 FETs, Fig. 9). The gas FET operates preferably in the so-called constant charge mode, in which current and potential are kept constant. 

The discharge mode of Ni-Cd batteries is dependent on their applications. The most common one is the constant-current discharge, in which the current can be changed from very low (e.g., in the case of button-batteries) to very large (e.g., for batteries for wireless tools). There are also other discharge modes, such as constant-resistance discharge, content-power discharge, etc. 

Constant Height Mode AFM Constant Force Mode AFM Constant Error Mode AFM Lateral Force Microscopy (LFM) Spreading Resistance Imaging... 

A high pressure syringe pump operated under constant pressure mode Is often used for low flow rate operation In narrow-bore packed column HFLC. Flow rates as low as 0.05 Mi /nln can be obtained. The drawback of constant pressure operation Is the potential flow rate variation due to a flow resistance change In the column. 

Membrane fouling may result in a significant increase in filtration resistance, leading to unstable filtration behavior. The pressure-driven membrane processes can be operated either with constant feed pressure or in constant flux mode. For constant pressure operation where the transmembrane pressure (TMP) is maintained at a constant value during the filtration, the flux will decline with time due to the... 

The objective of the experiment is to run a plate-and-frame filter press in constant pressure mode in order to determine the filtration plot describing a filtration cycle, and calculate the empirical constants of cake resistance and filter medium resistance. 

Constant current mode In this mode the rectifier maintains a constant current output. The output voltage then varies with changes in the circuit resistance. The potential of the reinforcing steel can be measured with a reference cell as a function of the applied current to ensure that certain protection criteria are met. 

Constant voltage mode In this mode a constant output voltage is maintained by the rectifier. The applied current then changes with variations in circuit resistance. Low concrete resistance, often associated with increased risk for corrosion damage, can result in increased current output. It should be noted that in this mode, the rebar potential is not necessarily constant. It can again be monitored with a reference cell. 

Typical discharge curves of the AA-size Li/FeS2 battery under constant-resistance, constant-current, and constant-power discharge modes are shown in Figs. 14.81 to 14.83. 

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