Conservation and technology

Miles, G. and S. Pollard (1985), Lead and Tin Studies in Conservation and Technology, UK Institute of Conservation, London. 

The future demand for energy has been severely underestimated The Technical Fix scenario appears to me to underestimate total energy requirements for the year 2000 by 25 percent, or 44 quadrillion BTUs. Our studies indicate that taking into account both conservation and technological changes in the way we use energy will require 168 quadrillion BTUs in 2000, not the 124 the project indicates. 

Tucker Wright (1990) Tucker, M.E. Wright, VP. Carbonate Sedimentology Blackwell Scientific Publications (1990) Turgoose (1985) Turgoose, S. The Corrosion of lead and tin before and after excavation In Lead and tin studies in conservation and technology UKIC (1985) 15-26 Turner Buseck (1979) Turner, S. Buseck, PR. Science 203(1979)456-458... 

Modem synthetic polymers are the subject of increasing research by conservation scientists. Not only does their frequent use in conservation treatments require a better understanding of their long term stabiUty, but also many objects, including those in collections of contemporary art and in history and technology museums, are made out of these new materials. 

This section provides an overview of the engineering technologies and applications that are currently applicable to the study and remediation of releases of hazardous wastes and constituents from RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) facilities and those sites which parallel Superfund sites. Activities which would be termed removal actions or expedited response actions under CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Recovery-Cleanup and Liability Act) are also covered in this section. Information presented in this section represent excerpts from document EPA/625/4-89/020 (September 1989). 

For practitioners of in situ technologies, note that U.S. EPA has issued a policy statement that reinjection of contaminated groundwater is allowed under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)35 36 as long as certain conditions are met. This policy is intended to apply to remedies involving in situ bioremediation and other forms of in situ treatment. Under this policy, groundwater may be reinjected if it is treated aboveground prior to reinjection. Treatment may be by a pump-and-treat system or by the addition of amendments meant to facilitate subsurface treatment. Also, the treatment must be intended to substantially reduce hazardous constituents in the groundwater (either before or after reinjection) the cleanup must be protective of human health and the environment and the injection must be part of a response action intended to clean up the environment.37... 

Bussotti L., Castellucci E., Matteini M., The Micro-Raman Technique in the Studies for the Conservation of Art Works Identification of Lakes in Paints, Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 1996 5 (1) 13. 

The purpose of the EDS phase is threefold (1) to support the development of a request for proposal (RFP) for a full-scale facility (2) to support the certification decision of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology, as directed by Public Law 105-261 and (3) to support documentation required for the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the data required for a permit under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Each EDS comprises two parts an EDP and engineering tests and studies to generate required data that were not obtained during the earlier demonstration test phase. 

Since World War II public interest in innovation has been steadily increasing. Conservatively, innovation is a growth industry. While the words were scarcely known and seldom used 25 years ago, talk of innovation and technology transfer can now be heard at almost every national and international conference, and the words can be read every day in lay and technical journals around the world. 

Forrester Environmental Services, Inc. s heavy-metal stabilization technologies have been issued several U.S. patents and are commercially available in the United States and Japan. The vendor claims these technologies have been permitted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and have been used at resource conservation and recovery act (RCRA) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) sites in several states. In addition, these technologies have been implemented at U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) facilities. 

This technology is currently commercially available from the MIOX Corporation, an affiliate of Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc. While the MIOX system for disinfection applications is fully commercialized, applications for environmental remediation and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) waste treatment are still in the early stages of development. 

This technology has been used to treat polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, herbicides, fuel oils, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and mercury. This system has also treated Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes such as petroleum refinery wastes and multisource leachate treatment residues to meet RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment standards. 

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