Congealing

Congealing temperature (waxes) NFT 60-128 ISO 2207 ASTM D 938 Observation during cooling... 

Method 1. Dissolve 25 0 g. of salicylaldehyde (Section IV,122) in 215 ml. of 2N sodium hydroxide solution, add 12 05 g. of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and warm the mixture for 30 minutes on a water bath. Acidify with acetic acid and cool in ice the salicylaldoxime separates as a congealed oil. Recrystalhae from chloroform - light petroleum (b.p. 40-60°). The yield of salicylaldoxime (colourless crystals, m.p. 57°) is 5 g. 

The US. Pharmacopeia (USP) specification for phenol includes (/) purity is to be no less than 98 wt %, (2) clear solubiUty of 1 part of phenol in 15 parts of water, (2) a congealing temperature to be not lower than 39°C, and (4) a content of nonvolatiles of no more than 0.05 wt %. Commercially, phenol specifications far exceed the USP requirement. Typical commercial phenol specifications are Hsted in Table 5. Higher purity material is required for some apphcations. 

A paraffin wax is a petroleum wax consisting principally of normal alkanes. MicrocrystalHne wax is a petroleum wax containing substantial proportions of branched and cycHc saturated hydrocarbons, in addition to normal alkanes. SernimicrocrystaUine wax contains more branched and cycHc compounds than paraffin wax, but less than microcrystalHne. A classification system based on the refractive index of the wax and its congealing point as... 

D87. Open or closed capillary tubes are used to measure the melting point of many of the natural waxes. The congealing point (ASTM D938) is the temperature at which a melted wax ceases to flow, and is more consistent than melting points for some waxes. 

Shortening and oil can also be handled in bulk. If the shortening is plastic, it is melted so that it can be pumped through pipes. These pipes must be heated throughout the plant to prevent the shortening from congealing. 

About 5 minutes later, the liquid contents of the beaker are poured cautiously into a 2-1. glass beaker, and this is tipped and rotated slowly so as to spread the congealing mass in a thin film on the beaker walls. When the material in the beakers has cooled, a total of 11. of water is poured into the beakers and the water is stirred well for at least 1 hour (Note 5). The cold suspension is filtered with suction to separate 200-210 g. of an insoluble mixture of lead monoxide and red lead, which is washed on the filter with six 50-ml. portions of water. 

Heat tracing of PR valve inlet piping should be provided where plugging by icing, deposition of wax or congealing of viscous liquids may occur at ambient temperatures. 

The liquid obtained on sapcmlying the Original oil, when acidified with sulphuric acid, yielded an oil, partly congealing in orystallina form, with an odour strongly reminding of acetic aoid. This oil was 1 solution lo remo vi the acid. Tha... 

Deliver from a pipette 10 c.c. of the oil into a glass dish (preferably a round-bottom one) of 50 c.c. capacity, which is imbedded in finely cracked ice. Add 10 c.c. of concentrated arsenic acid (containing about 85 per cent, arsenic acid), and stir until precipitation is complete. When the mixture ceases to congeal further, allow to stand ten minutes in the ice. At this point if the mixture forms a hard mass, indicating an oil rich in cineol, 5 c.c. of purified petroleum ether should be added, and the mass mixed well. Transfer immediately to a hardened filter paper by means of a pliable horn spatula, spread evenly over the surface of the paper, and lay a second hardened filter paper over the top. Outside of the hardened filters place several thicknesses of absorbent or filter paper, and transfer the whole to an ordinary letter-press, bringing to bear all the pressure... 

Erst-, first, initial, original, primary, erstarren, v.t. solidify, congeal, freeze (of cement, etc.) set harden coagulate become stiff or torpid. 

Friedhof, m. cemetery, friedlich, a. peaceful, peaceable, frieren, v.i. freeze, congeal feel cold. — ge-froreQ) p.a. frozen, congealed. 

Gefrisch, n. reclaimed rubber, gefroren, p.p. (of frieren and gefrieren) frozen, congealed. 

Gerinne, n. running, flowing channel, gutter, gerinnen, v.i. coagulate, curd, curdle, congeal, jelly, gel (Cement) set. 

Konfituren, pL confectionery, sweets, konform, a. conformable, konfus, a. confused, kongelieren, v.i. congeal. 

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