Federated Malay States

The roots of Cephcelis Ipecacuanha (Brot) A. Rich constitute the Brazilian ipecacuanha of commerce and also that cultivated in the Federated Malay States, Bengal and Burma. Carthagena ipecacuanha is derived from Cephcelis acuminata Karsten collected in Colombia. Emetine, the principal alkaloid of this drug, was first obtained by Pelletier and Magendie in 1817, but was first prepared in a pure state by Paul and Cownley, who separated from commercial emetine the phenolic base, cephaeline, and later obtained a third alkaloid, psychotrine. To these Pyman added emetamine and 0-methylpsychotrine. 

In 1912 specimens of oaiuphor oil and cariiphOr produced in thn Federated Malay States wore examined at the Imperial Institute, and the oil was [ound to contain 19 J per cent, ol carr.phor, whilst safrol, the characteristic and valuable constitueut of the Japanese oil, was absent. 

Ipecac ( Brazil root ) was long employed by the native people of Brazil in the treatment of diarrhea. It was sold as a secret remedy to the French government in 1658, and its use in dysentery rapidly spread throughout Europe and India. Its employment was entirely empirical until 1912 when Vedder demonstrated the in vitro efficacy of emetine against E. histolytica and suggested that ipecac be used in amebic infections. The source of ipecac is the dried root or rhizome of C. ipecacuanha or C. acuminata, plants native to Brazil and Central America, but also cultivated in India, the Straits Settlements, and the Federated Malay States (see Grollman, 1962). 

British North Borneo Federated Malay States Sarawak... 

Oil from the wood of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Meissn., from the Federated Malay States, where it grows as a tall tree, has recently been examined at the Imperial Institute. Bull. Imp. Inst. 1925, 23, 421) Its constants were as follows specific gravity 1.103, (xD 0, nD 1.538, ester value 0.8, ditto after acetylation 3.5, congealing point -t-10°. The oil consisted almost entirely of safrole. 

Institutei KEP. Stands fori Federated Malay States (Museum). 

Burkill, I.H. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula Published on behalf of the Governments of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States by the crown ents for the colonies London, 1935. 

Study No. 18, The Institute for Medical Research, Federated Malay States. Kuala Lumpar, (1923). 

The following details, which give in summarised form a number of experimental results, are from a report by B. J. Eaton published at the instance of the Government of the Federated Malay States —... 

Camphor oil distilled from trees growing in the Federated Malay States and in Mauritius have been examin by the chemists to this Imperial Institute. ... 

The camphor tree was first grown experimentally by the Department of Agriculture in the Federated Malay States in 1904, when seeds obtained from Japan were sown at Batu Ti, Selangor. The seedlings were planted out when about six months old at a distance of 10 ft. by 10 ft. The cpnditions at this place appear to be well suited to the tree, and the growth d the plants is stat to have been equal to that seen in Japan. 

On fractionating the residual oil about 4 3 per cent, of oineol was obtained, and a further yield of 15 7 per cent, of camphor, giving a total yield of 30 5 per cent. No safrol was detected, its absence being probably due to the fact that the oil was obtained from the prunings of young trees. The camphor oil from the Federated Malay States differs. 

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