Confocal laser scanning microscop

Spengler and Hubert (2002) describe a confocal laser scanning microscope used in conjunction with a TOF mass spectrometer, and also possessing ion imaging... 

Figure 4. DDC (A), serotonin (B), and tyrosine hydroxylase (C) immunore-activity in the posterior region of a wild-type Drosophila ventral ganglion. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) encodes the rate-limiting step in dopamine biosynthesis and is a marker for dopamine cells. B and C are the same CNS assayed for both serotonin and TH. M, medial dopamine neurons VL, ventrolateral serotonin neurons DL, dorsolateral dopamine neurons. Short unmarked arrows in C show vacuolated cells that do not contain DDC immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivity in these cells may represent a nonspecific cross-reactivity of the rat TH antibody. The length bar in A is 50 pM. The images are confocal projections generated on a Molecular Dynamics-2000 confocal laser scanning microscope.

Historically, this has been the most constrained parameter, particularly for confocal laser scanning microscopes that require spatially coherent sources and so have been typically limited to a few discrete excitation wavelengths, traditionally obtained from gas lasers. Convenient tunable continuous wave (c.w.) excitation for wide-held microscopy was widely available from filtered lamp sources but, for time domain FLIM, the only ultrafast light sources covering the visible spectrum were c.w. mode-locked dye lasers before the advent of ultrafast Ti Sapphire lasers. 

Fig. 9 Surface modification of cells with ssDNA-PEG-lipid. (a) Real-time monitoring of PEG-lipid incorporation into a supported lipid membrane by SPR. (r) A suspension of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of egg yolk lecithin (70 pg/mL) was applied to a CH3-SAM surface. A PEG-lipid solution (100 pg/mL) was then applied, (ii) Three types of PEG-lipids were compared PEG-DMPE (C14), PEG-DPPE (C16), and PEG-DSPE (C18) with acyl chains of 14, 16, and 18 carbons, respectively, (b) Confocal laser scanning microscopic image of an CCRF-CEM cell displays immobilized FITC-oligo(dA)2o hybridized to membrane-incorporated oligo(dT)20-PEG-lipid. (c) SPR sensorigrams of interaction between oligo(dA)2o-urokinase and the oligo (dT)2o-PEG-lipid incorporated into the cell surface, (i) BSA solution was applied to block nonspecific sites on the oligo(dT)20-incorporated substrate, (ii) Oligo(dA)20-urokinase (solid line) or oligo(dT)20-urokinase (dotted line) was applied...

Fig. 10 Confocal laser scanning microscope images of islets with urokinase (UK) immobilized on the membrane. The green fluorescence indicates positive immunostaining for UK. (a) Islets were modified with oligo(dT)2o-PEG-lipid (C16) or (b) oligo(dT)2o-PEG-lipid (C18) then, oligo (dA)2o-UK was added to the media, (c) Unmodified islets with (left) and without (right) oligo (dT)20-PEG-lipids added to the solution. Insets. Bright field images. Scale bars 100 pm...

Prior DAM, Oparka KJ, Roberts IM. En bloc optical sectioning of resin-embedded specimens using a confocal laser scanning microscope. JMicrosc 1998 193 20-27. 

N. (1985) Three-dimensional microscopy using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Optics Lett. 10, 53-55. 

Fig. 23 Confocal laser scanning microscopic image of rhodamine-labeled SiP coated with PMMA brush The diameter of silica particle core is 230 nm, and the Mn of the graft polymer is 256000...

Moriguchi, K., Utsumi, M., Maeda, H., Kameyama, Y., and Ohno, N. 1999. Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation and cytochrome oxidase activity in the hamster submandibular gland using microwave irradiated fixation. Proc. Scanning 27 161-162. 

Marttin, E., et al. 1997. Confocal laser scanning microscopic visualization of the transport of dextrans after nasal administration to rats Effects of absorption enhancers. Pharm Res 14 631. 

Figure 4.10 A confocal laser scanning microscope image taken through the dorsal skinfold window chamber on a tie-2 GFP (green fluorescent protein) mouse. Two capillaries in which the endothelium is expressing GFP are shown in the image.

Figure 1. UV field illumination of a Plan Apo 100x lens (1.4 NA) derived with a fluorescent plastic slide and the intensity measurement of 10-micron Spherotech beads (obtained from Spherotech, Libertyville, IL, USA). This illustrates the problem of using a lens with improper field illumination to make comparative measurements on a sample. The field illumination pattern shows a bull s eye intensity pattern slightly off-center and the five beads located in different parts of the field to illustrate the variation in intensity occurring by using a lens that has improper field illumination. The intensity of beads was derived by a small Region of Interest (ROI) inside the bead. The five beads show a decrease in intensity relative to the bead in the center of the illumination. Although this figure was obtained with UV optics, it represents the type of field illumination that can also occur with visible light excitation. This pattern is also unacceptable, if a confocal laser scanning microscope optical system is used for a FISH study, as the maximum intensity should be in the center of the objective and not in the corner.

Carlsson, K., Danielsson, P. E., Lenz, R., Liljeborg, A, Majlof, L., and Aslund, N. (1985) Three-dimensional microscopy using a confocal laser scanning microscope Optics Lett 10,53-55. 

Fig. 4.27. Expression of GPP labeled transcription factor in the salivary gland cells of Drosophila [62]. The generation of transcription factor molecules can be seen in the cytoplasmic reticulum as well as the distribution on the polytenic chromosomes in the nucleus. Image taken in a confocal laser scan microscope from C. Zeiss, modified for APD Imaging [6f]...

Figure 1. Confocal laser scanning microscope images of K562 cells.

Fig. 3. Destabilization of PSCO emulsion over 20 min observed via confocal laser scanning microscope. See Figure 1 for abbreviation.

Analyze the live cells direcdy after step 7 with a confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with 488 nm, 568 nm and 633 nm lasers (see Fig. 2) (see Note 4). 

Bancel, S. Hu, W.-S. Confocal laser scanning microscopic examination of cell distribution in macroporous microcarriers. Biotechnol. Prog. 1996, 12, 398-402. 

Cutts LS, Hibberd S, Adler J, et al. Characterising drag release processes within controlled release dosage forms using the confocal laser scanning microscope. J Control Release 1996 42(2) 115-124. 

Zeiss confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM 1D), 488 nm argon ion laser... 

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