Microcarriers Macroporous

Macroporous microcarriers Cultispher Cross-linked porcine gelatine Percell Biolytica... 

Furthermore, the homogeneity of parameters and the mass transfer of nutrients to the interior of macroporous microcarriers can be critical, especially for larger beads and at larger cultivation scales (Rupp, 1987). 

Yokomizo AY, Antoniazzi MM, Galdino PL, Azambuja NJ, Jorge SAC, Pereira CA (2004), Rabies virus production in high Vero cell density cultures on macroporous microcarriers, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 85 506-515. 

Anchorage-dependent cells can be grown on solid or macroporous microcarrier beads and these can then be superfused with nutrient medium in the spectrometer. The advantages of the system include direct contact between the perfusate and the cells (see below) and growth of the cells at rates comparable to those found in tissue culture dishes. A disadvantage, with solid beads, is the relatively low cell density obtainable due to the large sample volume occupied by the beads. 

Mignot G, Faure T, Ganne V, Arbeille B, Pavirani A Romet-Lemonne JL (1990) Production of recombinant Von Wille-brand factor by CHO cells cultured in macroporous microcarriers. Cytotechnology 4 163-171. 

However, cells grown on solid microcarriers are often subjected to fluid mechanical damages caused by small turbulent eddies as well as by collision between microcarriers and against the impellers and other bioreactor parts. The development of macroporous... 

Bancel, S. Hu, W.-S. Confocal laser scanning microscopic examination of cell distribution in macroporous microcarriers. Biotechnol. Prog. 1996, 12, 398-402. 

Microcarriers will remain important in the field of vaccine production, since several viral products are dependent on strictly adherent cell lines and in tissue engineering. For the latter, different cell types are needed to reconstruct multilayered organs and tissues. Macroporous carriers and matrices can be used to generate structured cellular complexes that are molded into functional organ/tissue systems (see also Part I, Chapter 15). 

Berry, J.M., Barnabe, N., Coombs, K.M., and Butler, M. (1999) Production of reovirus type-1 and type-3 from Vero cells grown on solid and macroporous microcarriers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 62(1) 12-19. 

Warner, A., Duvare, S., Muthing, J., Buntemeyer, H., Lunodorf, H., Straus, M., and Lehman, J., Cultivation of immortalized human hepatocytes HepZ on macroporous Cultispher G microcarriers, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 68 (1), 59-70, 2000. 

Several 3D culture strategies for hPSCs have been established (a) cell culture in macroporous scaffolds, (b) cell culture on nanofibers or microfibers, (c) self-aggregated spheroid (cell aggregate) culture, (d) cell culture on microcarriers, and (e) microencapsulated cell culture in suspended hydrogels [97,98]. 

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