Confined disposal facilities

Beyer, W.N., G. Miller, and J.W. Simmers. 1990. Trace elements in soil and biota in confined disposal facilities... 

There is a potential for endrin to be present in soils and sediments at hazardous waste sites. Endrin has been detected in soil samples collected at 44 of the 102 NPL sites and in sediment samples collected at 19 of the 102 NPL sites where endrin has been detected in some environmental medium however, concentrations were not reported (HazDat 1996). Endrin was not detected (detection limit 0.01 ppm [10 ppb] wet weight), however, in soils derived from dredged materials at 9 confined disposal facilities bordering the Great Lakes (Beyer and Stafford 1993). 

Beyer WN, Stafford C. 1993. Survey and evaluation of contaminants in earthworms and in soils derived from dredged materials at confined disposal facilities in the Great Lakes region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 24 151-165. 

APPENDIX D—TYPICAL CONFINED DISPOSAL FACILITY DESIGN... 

Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc. (2004) Review and analysis of risk, proposed confined disposal facility. Prepared for the East Chicago Waterway Management District... 

Gebauer MB, Weseloh DV. 1993. Accumulation of organic contaminants in sentinel mallards utilizing confined disposal facilities at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 25 234-243. 

Currently experimental only residuals) Upland On-site landfill Off-site (regional) landfill Upland confined disposal facility In-water disposal Confined disposal facility (above water surface) Confined aquatic disposal (underwater cap) Ex situ treatment Chemical Biological Extraction/washing Thermal... 

Figme 323. Google Earth image of Duluth-Superior Harbor, showing locations of Minnesota Slip (MN Slip) and the Erie Pier Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) (a), and an aerial photo of Minnesota Slip and Duluth Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota (b). Source Jerry Paulson, Duluth, Minnesota, http //www.duluth-nm-usa.com/. 

An area fully enclosed by bunds that reach above water is generally called a closed fill area or confined disposal facility (CDF). To allow the discharge water to drain, adjustable weir boxes are usually placed in the bunds. Figure 6.3 shows such a weir box. 

Disposal systems other than those listed, such as greater confinement disposal at depths intermediate between a nearsurface facility and a geologic repository, have been used for some wastes. 

Under current law and regulations, particular disposal systems generally are not required for any waste class, but only certain systems are authorized in law. Disposal systems other than those listed, such as greater confinement disposal at depths intermediate between a near-surface facility and a geologic repository, may be used for some wastes. 

Four papers have appeared on the photodegradation of PCBs on sediments [118-121]. Tang and Myers, for example, have carried out a study to model the behavior of PCBs on sediments confined in disposal facilities [ 118, 120]. In their glass aquariums the authors found PCB levels decreased by 40% over a 5-month span. Unfortunately, they were unable to pin point the source of the loss. Tang and Meyers believed the loss was due to a combination of volatilization, photo degradation and biodegradation. 

A computer program was developed to accomplish this and to carry out the iteration procedure described above. Computational facilities at our disposal (Harris 500) allowed the consideration of matrices of order not exceeding 60. Considering that the order of the transition probability matrix is 4 times the width (M) of the interfacial region, the computational limitation restricts the present investigation to the systems in which the distance between the confining the surfaces is less than 15 units (1 unit = d). 

High-level waste is waste with high concentrations of long-lived radionuclides (IAEA, 1981). High-level waste would require a disposal system considerably more confining than a near-surface facility (e.g., a geologic repository). 

Of those sites where dioxin was detected at levels of concern, the most common materials contaminated were soil and dust. At certain sites, production waste, contaminated equipment, and contaminated building materials were found. As expected, these sites were generally the production facilities of Tiers 1 and 2 and those waste disposal sites where intact waste or scrapped equipment was stored or disposed. The majority of dioxin contamination at Tier 1, la, 2 and 2a sites remained on-site. Furthermore, the 2,3,7,8-TCDD was usually confined to areas where waste materials were stored, loaded, processed, or, in the case of 28 Missouri sites, sprayed on roads to control dust. In seven cases, offsite migration at levels of concern has been confirmed. They are ... 

Artificial radionuclides intentionally produced for specific applications are usually strictly controlled and confined to safe storage facilities. Unintentional disposal of small quantities is usually without any lasting impact because of their short half-lives with the possible exception of °Co such isotopes are not expected outside controlled areas. 

During the war the ASF not only assumed responsibility for supervising such technical service activities as disposition of facilities, contract termination, and property disposal it also set up organizational and administrative standards for all elements under its jurisdiction, and General Somervell s headquarters did not confine its concern for Army organization to the war period, but made plans for the postwar period as well. As... 

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