Confined disposal

Beyer, W.N., G. Miller, and J.W. Simmers. 1990. Trace elements in soil and biota in confined disposal facilities... 

There is a potential for endrin to be present in soils and sediments at hazardous waste sites. Endrin has been detected in soil samples collected at 44 of the 102 NPL sites and in sediment samples collected at 19 of the 102 NPL sites where endrin has been detected in some environmental medium however, concentrations were not reported (HazDat 1996). Endrin was not detected (detection limit 0.01 ppm [10 ppb] wet weight), however, in soils derived from dredged materials at 9 confined disposal facilities bordering the Great Lakes (Beyer and Stafford 1993). 

Beyer WN, Stafford C. 1993. Survey and evaluation of contaminants in earthworms and in soils derived from dredged materials at confined disposal facilities in the Great Lakes region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 24 151-165. 

APPENDIX D—TYPICAL CONFINED DISPOSAL FACILITY DESIGN... 

Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc. (2004) Review and analysis of risk, proposed confined disposal facility. Prepared for the East Chicago Waterway Management District... 

Disposal systems other than those listed, such as greater confinement disposal at depths intermediate between a nearsurface facility and a geologic repository, have been used for some wastes. 

Under current law and regulations, particular disposal systems generally are not required for any waste class, but only certain systems are authorized in law. Disposal systems other than those listed, such as greater confinement disposal at depths intermediate between a near-surface facility and a geologic repository, may be used for some wastes. 

The exposure scenario described in the previous example of domestic uranium mill tailings was used to classify the high-radium residues. The risk and dose assessments indicated a probability of radiation-induced cancer incidence of about 0.6, potential doses in excess of 10 Sv, and a risk index between 50 and 100. Thus, these residues would be classified as high-hazard waste, even under conditions of perpetual institutional control over near-surface disposal sites, and they would require some form of greater confinement disposal well below the ground surface. This conclusion is consistent with recommendations for disposition of these residues (NAS/ NRC, 1995b). 

Biological effects-based assessment of the ex situ quality of dredged sediments (ex situ BEBA) in order to select sediment management options (e.g. free or confined disposal or treatment options). 

Gebauer MB, Weseloh DV. 1993. Accumulation of organic contaminants in sentinel mallards utilizing confined disposal facilities at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 25 234-243. 

Sediment remediation methods can be subdivided according to the mode of handling (e.g., in-place or excavation), or to the technologies used (containment or treatment). Important containment techniques include capping in situ and confined disposal. Biological processes may be applied with in-place treatment. Excavated sediments - apart from physical separation -can be treated to immobilize pollutants, most of which are metals (Table 8.2). 

Currently experimental only residuals) Upland On-site landfill Off-site (regional) landfill Upland confined disposal facility In-water disposal Confined disposal facility (above water surface) Confined aquatic disposal (underwater cap) Ex situ treatment Chemical Biological Extraction/washing Thermal... 

Figme 323. Google Earth image of Duluth-Superior Harbor, showing locations of Minnesota Slip (MN Slip) and the Erie Pier Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) (a), and an aerial photo of Minnesota Slip and Duluth Harbor, Duluth, Minnesota (b). Source Jerry Paulson, Duluth, Minnesota, http //www.duluth-nm-usa.com/. 

An area fully enclosed by bunds that reach above water is generally called a closed fill area or confined disposal facility (CDF). To allow the discharge water to drain, adjustable weir boxes are usually placed in the bunds. Figure 6.3 shows such a weir box. 

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