Conductivity, static and

ASTM E 1463-92. 1993. Standard guide for conducting static and flow-through acute toxicity tests with mysids from the west coast of the Untied States. Annual Book of ASTM Standards Water and Environmental Technology, Vol. 11.04, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 1278-1299. 

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1992c) Standard Guide for Conducting Static and Flow-through Acute Toxicity Tests with Mysids from the West Coast of the United States, E1463-1492. ASTM, Philadelphia. 

Reiaforced plastics may also iaclude fillers (qv), which are iaexpeasive materials such as calcium carboaate used to displace resia and reduce cost curing agents (catalysts), promoters, inhibitors, and accelerators, which affect thermosetting resia cure colorants release agents (qv) to faciUtate removal from the mold and other additives which can impart a wide variety of properties to the finished part, such as fire resistance, electrical conductivity, static dissipation, and ultraviolet resistance. 

Humidification. Adding moisture to air has long been used to control static and to help dissipate static electricity in textile mills (see A IR conditioning). Moisture does not improve the electrical conductivity of the air, but it increases the electrical conductivity of materials absorbing moisture. 

Results of uniaxial strain static and gas gun compression tests on syntactic foam have been conducted. The foam was buoyant and composed of hollow glass microspheres (average diameter 100 microns) embedded in an epoxy plastic. Static testing consists of compressing a 0.25 cm x 2.5 cm dia. wafer between carefully aligned 2.5 cm dia. steel pistons. Lateral expansion of the wafer is... 

Interesting phenomena are observed by increasing the concentration of reversed micelles, changing the temperature or pressure, applying high electric fields, or adding suitable solutes, In some conditions, in fact, a dramatic increase in some physicochemical properties has been observed, such as viscosity, conductance, static permittivity, and sound absorption [65,80,173,233,243,249,255,264-269],... 

Antifouling performance testing is a very important and specific method for these types of paints. For several years, Hempel A/S has conducted both static and dynamic tests in the evaluation and optimisation of biocide-based AF paints and fouling-release paint products. 

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard practice for conducting static acute toxicity tests on waste water with Daphnia. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards ASTM Philadelphia, 1984 Vol. 11.01, D4229, 27-39. 

The static and dynamic mechanical properties, creep recovery behaviour, thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of low-density foams made of blends of LDPE and EVA were studied as a function of the EVA content of the blends. These properties were compared with those of a foam made from a blend of EVA and ethylene-propylene rubber. A knowledge of the way in which the EVA content affects the behaviour of these blend foam materials is fundamental to obtaining a wide range of polyolefin foams, with similar density, suitable for different applications. 9 refs. 

In the absence of dynamic and static disorder, all partially filled band systems would exhibit coherent transport over long distances. With static and dynamic disorder, the modulation of the simple molecular orbital or band structure by nuclear effects entirely dominates transport. This is clear both in the Kubo linear response formulation of conductivity and in the Marcus-Hush-Jortner formulation of ET rates. The DNA systems are remarkable for the different kinds of disorder they exhibit in addition to the ordinary static and dynamic disorder expected in any soft material, DNA has the covalent disorder arising from the choice of A, T, G, or C at each substitution base site along the backbone. Additionally, DNA has the characteristic orientational and metric (helicoidal) disorder parameters arising from the fundamental motif of electron motion along the r-stack. 

Recently, the effects of static and dynamic structural fluctuations on the electron hole mobility in DNA were studied using a time-dependent self-consistent field method [33]. The motion of holes was coupled to fluctuations of two step parameters of a duplex, rise and twist (Fig. 1), namely the distances and the dihedral angles between base pairs, respectively. The hole mobility in an ideally ordered poly(G)-poly(C) duplex was found to be decreased by two orders of magnitude due to twisting of base pairs and static energy disorder. A hole mobility of 0.1 cm V s was predicted for a homogeneous system the mobility of natural duplexes is expected to be much lower [33]. In this context, one can mention several theoretical studies, based on band structure approaches, to estimate the electrical conductivity of DNA [85-87]. 

In studying compatibility of oxidizers, both static and dynamic tests are conducted. An oxidizer such as chlorine trifluoride is particularly troublesome under flow conditions, although it can be stored under static conditions rather easily because of the firm fluoride film it forms. If this film is cracked so that continuity no longer exists, burnout under high flow conditions can occur. 

Major qualification tests consisting of a series of functional (static and dynamic) and environmental tests are conducted during the development phase. These tests depend upon the type of device, its performance and application, and functional... 

Rubbers are usually electrically insulating and this property is widely exploited in cables and various components in electrical appliances. They can also be made anti-static and even conducting by the addition of suitable carbon blacks. In all cases, it is the combination of the electrical properties and the inherent flexibility of rubbers which makes them attractive for particular applications. 

Resistance or resistivity is by far the property most often measured. For anti-static and conductive rubbers, only resistivity and surface charge, measurements are useful because such rubbers would not be used in situations requiring low dielectric loss or involving high voltages. 

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