Condensation deposition

Thin sol gel ORMOSIL-zirconia films successfully inhibit magnesium corrosion (Figure 4.11). The film obtained by combining sol-gel monomers phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMOS) and zirconium(iv) tetra-1-propoxide (ZrTPO) exhibits superior corrosion inhibition as compared with other films,13 while the ZrTPO-based film alone does not show significant corrosion inhibition, and the PTMOS-based film provides only moderate protection. The films are prepared by the traditional acid-or base-catalysed hydrolysis and condensation, depositing first the PTMOS film followed by the ZrTPO-based film. 

Sol-gel process is the generic term for wet chemistry methods that start from mixture of molecular precursors and through condensation, deposition and heat treatment processes lead to a final multicomponent system (7-9). Some of the advantages are well known such as ... 

Kravtsov Yu.V. (2002). Investigation of the ecologo-geochemical state of underground and surface waters of the Urengoy Oil-Gas-Condensate Deposit. Thesis of PhD dissertation, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, 200 pp. 

Unique Capabilities. A number of unique features and capabilities of the p-xylylene polymerization process have been uncovered and elucidated. The reactive monomers will condense and polymerize on any solid surface placed in the condensation (deposition) zone. The chemical nature of the surface is unimportant, and many materials, including strong acids, bases, the alkali metals, metal hydrides, and chemically reactive compounds such as resorcinol, have been coated when placed in a deposition chamber. 

When considering the higher hydrocarbons present in natural gas it is probably best to recall that a continuum exists in oil and gas reservoirs from almost pure methane to heavy petroleum oils and waxes. In general, hydrocarbon deposits do not span to the extremes higher hydrocarbon free natural gas is not commonly accounted although there are some very large natural gas deposits which comprise almost entirely methane . Thus many oil reserves have considerable quantities of associated gas and most gas reserves have associated with them light oil (condensate) deposits. 

As the size of species increases due to reactions in gas phase, the vapor pressure of the species decreases, enhancing the condensation (deposition of reactive species) on the surface. 

For simplicity, we have chosen long Schlenk tubes (Figure 3), without the conventional cold finger condenser. Deposition of crystals takes place on the cold walls of the sublimation flask 1-2 cm above the conical reflector. 

Identify each phase change with the proper term vaporization, condensation (deposition), sublimation, melting (fusion), or freezing. 

Effects of Condensable Deposits on Relative Light Transmittance... 

The effects of condensate deposits on the relative light transmittance are shown in Table VII. Several of these values were obtained from working solar collectors while others were obtained from laboratory prepared samples. 

Data used in this study represent four carbonate reservoir areas in the USSR. The first one examined is VuktyFskiy gas-condensate deposit in the USSR (Table I). 

Table I. Petrophysical properties of carbonate rocks of VuktyPskiy gas condensate deposit. (After Bagrintseva, table 37, p 151.) Lithology varies from dolomites (porous, porous-cavernous, finely-cavernous, crystalline, slightly calcareous, crystalline dense, etc.) to true limestones (dolomitized, with very fine caverns, and micro-grained). 

Table II. Regression coefficient a/s and corresponding ratios of variances F/s. Vuk-tyl skiy gas condensate deposit, USSR.

Figure 1. Plots of permeability, Ar, versus intercommunicating (open) porosity, specific surface area (per unit of pore volume) and irreducible water saturation, are considered in the data fitting, showing both the measured and fitted data for VuktyPskiy gas-condensate deposit, USSR. 

The temperature and humidity distribution in the outer boundary layer of frosted systems should be investigated more thoroughly in an effort to shed more light on the combined mechanisms of convection and condensation in this area. Accurate measurements in this region are extremely difficult to obtain. The presence of the measuring device in this boundary layer furnishes sites for condensate deposit, with a siibsequent unknown effect on the measurements obtained. Optical methods might lend themselves to this application. 

A drainage system is provided at the bottom of the inlet and outlet pipe u-sections or lutes to continuously remove condensate deposited by the incoming gas as it cools. Hence a pressure sealing water trap or seal pot is provided. When the plant is shutdown these lutes are used as isolators to trap gas in the holder by flooding the lutes from a water tank. 

Obuchova ZP, Kutovaya AA (1968) Study on distribution of organic acids in condensation waters in the area of gas-condensate deposits. Korroziyi i Zashchita v Neftedoby-vayushchei Promyshlennost Nauch-Fekh 4 16-19 (in Russian)... 

Romanyuk, A. F., et al., (1973). Hydrothermal AnomaUes in the Paleogene Gas Condensate Deposits in Rassolnaya and Kosmach. Geol, Geokhim. Gory. Kopp. (Kiev) 34, 59-64. 

Trebin, F. A. (1968). Teatures of Opening Productive Beds (with CaCy in the Sredne-Vilyuysk Gas Condensate Deposit. Mono., Geolog. Strcfyen. Neftegaz., 433 437 Library of Congress. 

Scientific and Methodological Approaches to die Estimation of the Gas Condensate Exfraction Impact on the Arctic Seas Ecosystems (on the example of the Shtockman gas-condensate deposit) editors-in-chief G. Matishov and B. Nikitin (Kola Science Center, Apatity, 1997) (quoted as Shtockman). 

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