Computer software unit

A CSC is a functional or logically distinct part of a Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) or Software Configuration Item (SCI). A CSC is typically an aggregate of two or more computer software units (CSU). CSCs may be further decomposed into other CSCs and CSUs. 

A fundamental requirement for obtaining a patent is defining an advance, development, or invention which is within those classes of "subject matter" which the law of the United States regards as patentable. Two classes of patentable subject matter, ie, computer software and biotechnology, are the subject of relatively new and evolving law. However, other types of subject matter rest on fairly certain ground as to patentabiUty. Examples of patents directed to various types of subject matter are described in the following. 

Measurements and Audits. The enabling element of continuous improvement is measurement. An old rule of thumb says that increased accuracy in measuring an energy use ultimately yields a reduction in use equal to 10% of the increased closure of the balance. A basic principle of economics is that any thing that is free is used in excess, ie, an unmetered electrical use is bigger than expected by at least 10%. Metering of the cost elements at each unit in a chemical plant provides effective accountabhity. Measurements should be linked via computer software to production as weh as to weather to result in maximum feedback. 

The layout and design of this unit is carried out with the help of 3D computer software. The steelstructure, the extruders, and the head, can thus be viewed and any conflicts that arise can be dealt with in the early stages of the engineering. In addition, existing restrictions to the erection of the unit, such as building columns and energy supplies, can easily be integrated in this software and individual solutions can be worked out. 

Both Cyclepad and the text contain pedagogical aids. The intelligent computer software switches to a warning-tutoring mode when users attempt to impose erroneous assumptions or perform inappropriate operations during cycle analyses. Chapter summaries review the more salient points and provide cohesion. Review problems and worked examples appear liberally throughout the text. Both SI and English unit systems are used in the book. 

One author (Reinhardt, Chapter 2) predicts that, over the next several decades, pharmaceutical research will increasingly shift from Europe and the United States to Asia, where many of these newly industrialized countries are located, as has manufacturing in many other industries, ranging from motor vehicles to electronics to computer software. 

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a hot topic these days and is considered by many people to be the enterprise computing framework of the future. In SOA, each software unit runs on a piece of hardware as a service that can be called by many different consumers. For example, a compound registration service can be called by a library enumeration tool and a chemistry e-notebook to fulfill compound registration tasks. The most popular SOA is Web services that are based on HTTP and XML or SOAP standards although SOA as a concept has existed for awhile and is not limited to Web services. SOA has a lot of advantages, the most important of which is code reuse and improved productivity. However, it also presents a lot of challenges. 

Unit A separately testable element specified in the design of a computer software element. Synonymous to component, module (IEEE). 

For photostability testing purpose the small, single monochromator computer driven units are more than adequate. Slightly more expensive than a photometer/ radiometer combination, these units can measure the complete spectrum on a realtime basis and output the results in several different formats. When coupled with the computer software available as part of most packages it should be the measurement system of choice. Chapter 13 of this book discusses these instruments in more detail. 

The precise way in which each general approach codes and determines the particle or unit cell parameters varies greatly and is not described in detail. Much of the computer software used in image reconstruction studies is... 

Pharmaceutical companies in the United States spent 24 billion developing and testing new drugs in 2000, equivalent to about 21% of sales, and twice as much as computer software companies (Matthews, 2001). However, only 17 new drugs were introduced across the industry in 2002,... 

Fig. 3. Sketch of the hardware and software system used in the author s laboratory to investigate the electrode kinetics of electrochemical reactions. D.A.C are digital-to-analogue convertors, F.R.A. is a frequency response analyser, A.D.C. are analogue-to-digital convertors (used to switch devices), D.P.M is a panel meter, and NTWK is the university network serial connection to an Amdahl computer. The units I are the appropriate interfaces.

As already stated in the answer to Exercise 1.1, the computer software does not provide units, and so you need to include these for yourself. It should also be remembered that although the values of the slopes of the tangents are computed by the software they are still subject to uncertainties arising from inaccuracies in the original concentration measurements. 

There is no ready formula to describe a specific vendor s equipment module, and the unit operations procedures are locked-up in the vendor s computer software [9],... 

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