Compromised skin

D. If the treated region on potential human patients will be a compromised skin surface barrier (e.g., if it is cut or burned) some test animals should likewise have their application sites compromised. This procedure is based on the assumption that abraded skin is uniformly more sensitive to irritation. Experiments, however, have shown that this is not necessarily true some materials produce more irritation on abraded skin, while others produce less (Guillot et al., 1982 Gad et al., 1986). 

Relative TEWL indicates the value of transepidermal water loss across the compromised skin barriers relative to that of normal, intact skin. 

It is, however, likely that any future combinations of the strategies will face challenges, not least of which are potential safety and economic considerations, particularly as the techniques involve prolongation of an electrically compromised skin barrier with all the safety issues that involve. 

Absorption through the skin, percutaneous absorption, is an important mechanism by which xenobiotic substances can enter the body. The surface stratum corneum layer is the main barrier to such absorption, and when it is shed or compromised, skin is much more susceptible to penetration by xenobiotic substances. A test for the ability of a hydrophobic xenobiotic substance to penetrate skin is to measure the partitioning of such a substance between water and powdered stratum corneum cells. 

Perkins, M.A., Osterhues, M.A., Farage, M.A., and Robinson, M.K. A noninvasive method to assess skin irritation and compromised skin conditions using simple tape adsorption of molecular markers of inflammation. Skin Res. Technol. 2001 7 227-233. 

Contact allergy should always be suspected in patients with anogenital dermatitis, especially if the perianal area is involved. In patients with other chronic inflammatory diseases of the anogenital region, for example lichen sclerosus, contact allergy should also be excluded, since long-term use of topical medicaments on compromised skin carries an increased risk of sensitization. 

Steel I. Pure lanolin in treating compromised skin. Manuf Chem 1999 70(9) 16-17. 

If the treated region on potential human patients will be a compromised skin surface barrier (e.g., if... 

Numerous physiological factors in healthy and diseased skin can affect topical drug delivery and consequently formulation design. For example, neonatal skin is more permeable than adult skin and site to site variations in permeability are well known with genital tissue more permeable than that on the head and neck with arm and leg skin even less permeable. However, it is with compromised skin, found in many conditions where topical dosage forms are applied, where solvent selection can be problematic. 

Bruynzeel and de Boer (1996) have used the term compromised skin . It is explained as follows clinically healed skin needs a long period of rest before it no longer reacts with an exacerbation of the dermatitis after minor insults like dish washing. The skin is still irritable and is apparently not normal because of the previous inflammation . 

Argyris TS (1985) Promotion of epidermal carcinogenesis by repeated damage to mouse skin. Am J Ind Med 8 329-337 Baran R, Tosti A (1993) Occupational acro-osteolysis in a guitar player. Acta Derm Venereol 73 64-65 Bruynzeel DP, de Boer EM (1996) Compromised skin. In van der Valk P, Maibach HI (eds) The irritant contact dermatitis syndrome. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 283-287 Burton JL (1992) Eczema, lichenification, prurigo and erythroderma. In Champion RH, Burton, JL, Ebling FJG (eds) Textbook of dermatology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, pp 537-588... 

Few reports have examined chemical penetration through damaged human skin in vitro, but Kezic and Nielsen [95] suggest that penetration is enhanced in compromised skin, hi 1991, Moon... 

Once the in vivo and in vitro models utilizing compromised skin are able to yield clear and consistent penetration results with materials of assorted physical and chemical properties, researchers will have the abihty to draw rehable comparisons and correlations between the two models. 

Kezic S, Nielsen JB. Absorption of chemicals through compromised skin. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009 82 677-88. 

Uses Emollient, moisturizer, emulsifier for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, baby creams, cleansers, eye preps., foundation, hypoallergenic cosmetics, lipstick, sunscreen preps., skin and wound care prods., esp. for use on compromised skin Features Medical grade hypoallergenic low pesticides low free alcohols highly compatible with human skin holds 200% of its own weight of water Regulatory FDA 21CFR 172.615... 

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