Compositional fractionation

UE reaction product Total nitrogen, % Fraction I, % composition Fraction II, % composition Fraction III, %. . d composition... 

PLS results are presented In Tables V and VI. Loadings greater than 0.3 have been underlined. Loadings which may be Influenced by closure are flagged. The regression of Maple Leaf composition (fractional) on West Seattle composition reveals four components ... 

Figure 6 Schematic diagreun of Orthogonal Chromatography showing size fractionation of a linear copolymer by SBC 1, the variety of molecules of the same molecular size within a chromatogram "slice" (in this case A refers to styrene units and B to n-butyl methacrylate units) and composition fractionation by SBC 2. (Reproduced from Ref. 6. Copyright 1983, American Chemical Society.)...

Form Chain composition Fraction of total hemoglobin... 

On many stained curtains, fractions may be seen separating suddenly at a given point, out of a smoothly running composite fraction at the exact spot where a modification in ionic strength and conductivity create favorable circumstances for this separation. 

Therefore, steps 2 and 3 can be combined into a single step, and the overall kinetics can then be described in three compositional fractions the permanent (formed from insolubles), the resistant (in capillary pores and sorbed within aggregates), and the labile (in gravitational pores). The contribution of the permanent fraction (the insoluble portion) to the soluble portion in the leachate is proportional to its concentration. The release of the resistant fraction is represented by mass transfer, and the translocation of the labile fraction relates to convection flow and dispersion. 

Cao, A., Arai, Y., Yoshie, N., Kasuya, K.I., Doi, Y. and Inoue, Y. 1999. Solid Structure and Biodegradation of the Compositionally Fractionated Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid-Co-3-Hydroxypropionic Acid)s. Polymer, 40, 6821-6830. 

Name Composition Fractional abundance Melting point (K)... 

Composition, fractionation, and primary melts in the Talkeetna section... 

The USDA characterized a large number of biomass species for their traditional composition fractions of ash, crude protein, polyphenols, oils and hydrocarbons among others. These fiactions were defined operationally by the USDA botanochemical screening project their sample analysis and fraction partitioning scheme is summarized in Fig. 1. Of interest were extractives, components that can he separated/paititioned from the plant by solvents. The major extractives included various oils, terpenes, fatty acids, unsaponiflables, aromatic compounds, tannins, and quinones. In exceptional cases extractives composed over 15% of the biomass (especially ash) but generally they did not exceed S-10%. 

We performed repeated single particle pyrolyses on one species to estimate the reproducibility of the entire experiment, i.e., the sampling, preparation, pyrolysis, product and data analysis. That species was a choice whose composition represented nearly the grand average of all the orthogonal composition measures On acae Oenothera Biennis, the so-called "centerpoint" [CP] of the composition fractions. It is listed at the bottom of Table 1. The replicates, and some comparison runs, ate included in Table 2 wherein only the % reacted and overall product fractions ate presented. Note that the char, oil or biocrude, and gas sum to 100% within 0.6% (round ofT+experimental error). 

Table 5 Tested paint sample compositions (fractions by volume)...

Fractions 93-135 were combined and evaporated to dryness to yield 3 2 mg. N te Bioassay of a titration of the composite (fractions 93-135) and of the feed indicated an 80% recovery of activity. HPLC analysis of the composite showed a single major component. Mass spectral and NMR analysis identified the sample as the known antibiotic rachelmycin shown in Fig. 24. 

XPS was used to evaluate the surface composition of these copolymers in relation to the bulk composition (fractions of methyl acrylate and styrene). Surface composition was essentially identical to the bulk composition. Thus, for example, when the bulk composition is 40 mol % styrene, the surface percentage of styrene is about 40. Such a surface appears to be as active as polystyrene homopolymer. 

It is clear that the entrapment of petroleum in inclusions is likely to result in gross compositional fractionation, i.e. resulting in the entrapped petroleum becoming enriched in asphaltenes and resins, and such has been observed (Karlsen et al. 1993 Wilhelms et al. 1996). However, there is no reason to assume, nor observations to suggest, that the fractionation affects the typically employed molecular ratios between isomers of biomarkers and related compounds. 

Figure 5.6. Slot blot hybridisation patterns obtained using as a probe the gene-richest fraction of human DNA on compositional fractions from vertebrate genomes. Species names arc indicated at the top. The modal buoyant densities of the fractions increase from the top to the bottom, as indicated at the left of the figure, the last fractions often containing, however, satellite DNAs. Fraction numbers are indicated at the left of the figure. The amounts of DNA in the fractions are variable. In all cases, however, hybridizationpositive fractions represent 10-15% of DNA. (Modified from Caccio et al., 1994).

Figure 6.3, Scheme of the localization of HTLV-I proviral sequences in the compositional fractions and total DNA from the genome of a human cell line A and a cell done B, as obtained after centrifugation in a preparative CsjSOVBAMD density gradient. In each pattern, the first line presents the fraction number, the second line the GC level. Relative intensities of hybridization bands are indicated by lines of three different thicknesses. (Modified from Zoubak et al., 1994). 

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