Composite polymer electrolytes cells

A more recent LPB development in Israel involves the fabrication of bipolar cells using a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), and a pyrite-based positive... 

It is the purpose of this chapter to introduce photoinduced charge transfer phenomena in bulk heterojunction composites, i.e., blends of conjugated polymers and fullerenes. Phenomena found in other organic solar cells such as pristine fullerene cells [11,12], dye sensitised liquid electrolyte [13] or solid state polymer electrolyte cells [14], pure dye cells [15,16] or small molecule cells [17], mostly based on heterojunctions between phthalocyanines and perylenes [18] or other bilayer systems will not be discussed here, but in the corresponding chapters of this book. 

Kolde, J.A. Bahar, B. Wilson, M.S. Zawod-zinski, T.A. Gottesfeld, S. Advanced composite polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. In Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells / The Electrochemical Society Chicago, IL, 1995. 

The second cycle charge/discharge curve for the Li/composite polymer electrolyte/ FeS2 cell is shown in Figure 10.9. Region b in the voltage/capacity curve in the figure... 

G. Halpert, A. Landgrebe, Eds., Proc. First Int. Symp. on Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Advanced Composite Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membranes, Vol. 95-23, 1995, 193-201... 

Kim JH, Kang MS, Kim YJ, Won J, Park NG, Kang YS (2004) Dyesensitized nanocrystalline solar cells based on composite polymer electrolytes containing filmed silicananoparticles.Chem Commun 1662-1663... 

Advanced composite polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes, Electrochem Soc Proc 95-23 193. 

Kim HY, Kang MS, Lee DH, Won JG (2007) Proton exchange membrane with high cell performance based on Naflon/poly(p-phenylene vinylene) composite polymer electrolyte. J Membr Sci 304 60-64... 

X.B. Zhu, H.M. Zhang, Y.M. Liang, Y. Zhang, Q.T. Luo, C. Bi, B.L. Yi, Challenging reinforced composite polymer electrolyte membranes based on disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)-impregnated expanded PIPE for fuel cell applications, J. Mater. Chem. 17 (4) (2007) 386-397. 

SIR 03] Strauss E., Calvin S., Mehta H. et al, X-ray absorption spectroscopy of highly cycled Li/composite polymer electrolyte/FeS2 cells , Sol S Ionics, vol. 164, pp. 51-63,2003. 

Tang Y, Kusoglu A, Karlsson AM, Santare MH, Cleghom S, Johnson WB (2008) Mechanical properties of a reinforced composite polymer electrolyte membrane and its simulated performance in PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 175 817-825... 

Kolde JA, Bahar B, Wilson MS et al (1995) Advanced composite polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. Proceedings of the first intmnational symposium on proton conducting membrane fuel cells I. Electrochem Soc Proc 95-23 193-201... 

There is considerable methanol permeation through Nafion, which affects the fuel cell performance in a DMFC. Using doped PBI the same proton conductivity as Nafion can be maintained while virtually eliminating the crossover of methanol. PBI is doped with a conducting solid, usually phosphoric acid, to make it suitable for DMFC applications [55, 56]. In another attempt PBI is modified by sulfonation to make it an intrinsic proton conductor and is deposited onto a layer of Nafion membrane. This gives a composite polymer electrolyte that is a reasonable proton conductor and reduces the crossover of methanol [57]. 

Another alkaline composite polymer electrolyte based on a PEO-PVA glass fiber mat system can be prepared [51]. The glass fiber mat support allows more KOH electrolyte to be trapped in the composite membrane and also enhances the mechanical strength and stability. The corresponding values of the ionic conductivity are on the order of 40 X 10 S/cm at 30 °C [51]. Although the presence of the support in the polymer electrolyte allows the addition of more KOH, it may also lead to an increase of resistance in the fuel cell however, this has not been determined experimentally as yet. 

Xu, F., Mu, S., and Pan, M. (2011) Mineral nanofibre reinforced composite polymer electrolyte membranes with enhanced water retention capability in PEM fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci., 377, 134-140. 

A. Anis, A.K. Banthia, S. Bandyopadhyay, Synthesis characterization of PVA/STA composite polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell application, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 17 (2008) 772-779. 

K.A. Stewart, M. Singh, H.P.S. Missan, Novel PVdF-graft-VIm based nano-composite polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications, ECS Trans., 25 (2009) 1459 1468. 

In the 1980s, several authors proposed the use of composite polymer electrolytes. The solutions they proposed depended on the electrochemical application, i.e. lithium batteries, fuel cells, etc., which determined the properties required. This chapter reviews the development and properties of composite polymer electrolytes used in lithium batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The effects of fillers on electrolyte properties are discussed in terms of electrochemical performance, and also in terms of polymer matrix morphology and dynamics. Data from the literature are compared in order to determine the effects of the manufacturing... 

The current challenge for PEMFC is to raise the working temperature above 80 °C. Composite membranes are a potential solution. The addition of inorganic fillers induces important improvements in water retention at high temperature, conductivity, cell resistivity, mechanical properties, etc. These improvements are related to filler concentration, structure and size, interfaces, polymer matrix and membrane characteristics. It is difficult to compare these ionomer/fiUer composites because their performances depend on the electrolyte preparation and testing conditions (RH, temperature, etc.). H2/02(air) cells based on composite polymer electrolytes have been successfully operated at temperatures up to 120 °C under ambient pressure, and up to 150 °C under pressures of 3-5 atm, but more research... 

AHMAD, s., DEEPA, M., AGNIHOTRY, S.A., Effect of salts ou the fumed silica-based composite polymer electrolytes. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2008, 92, 184-9. 

Panagiotis Trogadas and Peter Strasser 14 Carbon, carbon hybrids and composites for polymer electrolyte fuel cells... 

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