Solar cells nanocrystalline

Gratzel M (1994) NanocrystaUine solar cells. Renew Energy 5 118-133 Peter LM, Ponomarev EA, Franco G, Shaw NJ (1999) Aspects of the photoelectrochemistry of nanocrystalhne systems. Electrochim Acta 45 549-560 Peter L (2007) Transport, trapping and interfacial transfer of electrons in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. J Electroanal Chem 599 233-240... 

Peter, L. M. 2007. Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9 2630-2642. 

Menzies, D. B. Dai, Q. Bourgeois, L. Caruso, R. A. Cheng, Y. B. Simon, G. P. Spiccia, L. 2007. Modification of mesoporous Ti02 electrodes by surface treatment with titanium(IV), indium(III) and zirconium(IV) oxide precursors Preparation, characterization and photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. Nanotechnology 18 125608. 

Gratzel, M., Perspectives for dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. Progress in photovoltaics research and applications 2000, 8,171-185. 

Solar cells, or photovoltaic devices, have been studied for many years [3], Most of the current work is focused on dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. These provide a technical and economically viable alternative to present-day photovoltaic devices. In contrast to conventional systems, in which the semiconductor assumes both the task of light absorption and charge carrier transport, the two functions are separated in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells [54] (cf. OPCs). Light is absorbed by the dye sensitizer, which is anchored to the surface of a wide-band-gap semiconductor. Charge separation takes place at the interface via photoinduced electron injection from the dye into the conduction band of the... 

The nanocrystalline solids are metal oxides, especially titanium dioxide [54-58], Various dyes are used. Transition metal complexes such as (65) and (66) have broad absorption bands and allow the harvesting of a large fraction of sunlight [54,58], Fluorescent dyes are also used, such as Eosin-Y (67) [57], Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells are now giving efficiencies in excess of 10% [54,58], compared to just 1 % ten years ago [3],... 

P. Bonkote, P. Compte, and M. Gratzel, Proc. Electrochem. Soc. 97-20, p. 106. Performance of nanocrystalline solar cells. 

M. Gratzel, Perspectives for dye-sensitised nanocrystalline solar cells, Progr. Photovoltaic Res. Applic. 8 171-186 (2000). 

The accepted model for photocurrent generation in the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells involves excited state interfacial electron transfer. It is therefore desirable to have a mechanistic understanding of excited-state behavior of the sensitizers. Since the most successful sensitizers for this application are Ru poly-pyridyl compounds, we include a brief review of their excited-state properties. More thorough reviews are available in the literature [137]. 

Argazzi et al. followed that strategy to elaborate a nanocrystalline solar cell which incorporates a molecular dyad (HI) based on ruthenium bipyridine as a sensitizer and phenothiazine as a donor (Figure 19) [109]. 

Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-sensitized Nanocrystalline Solar Cells... 

Cass M. J., Walker A. B., Martinez D., and Peter L. M. (2005), Grain morphology and trapping effects on electron transport in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells , J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 5100-5107. 

Aegerter M. A. (2001), Sol-gel niobium pentoxide a promising material for electro-chromic coatings, batteries, nanocrystalline solar cells and catalysis . Solar Energy Mat. Solar Cells 68, 401 22. 

Duffy N. W., Peter L. M., Rajapakse R. M. G. and Wijayantha K. G. U. (2000b), A novel charge method for the study of electron transport and interfacial transfer in dye sensitised nanocrystalline solar cells , Electrochem. Comm. 2, 658-662. 

Kim JH, Kang MS, Kim YJ, Won J, Park NG, Kang YS (2004) Dyesensitized nanocrystalline solar cells based on composite polymer electrolytes containing filmed silicananoparticles.Chem Commun 1662-1663... 

L. Dloczik, O. Ileperuma, I. Lauermann et al., Dynamic response of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells characterization by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101(49), 10281-10289. 

N.W. Duffy, L. M. Peter, K. G. U. Wija-yantha. Characterisation of electron transport and back reaction in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells by small amplitude laser pulse excitation, Electrochem. Commun. 2000, 2(4), 262-266. 

Wang, R, Zakeeruddin, S. M., Moser, J. E., Humphry-Baker, R, and Gratzel, M. (2004). A solvent-free, SeCN-/(SeCN)3-based ionic liquid electrolyte for high-efficiency dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells./ Am. Chem. Soc., 126, pp. 7164-7165. 

Other viscosity studies in ionic liquids were carried out by Gratzel et al. as part of a research program for the application of ionic liquids as solvents for a dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell. 

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