Composite floor slab

A Robinson-type steel-concrete composite floor slab was of dimensions of 1540 mm x 159 mm x 1500 mm, which is shown in Fig. 13.22. To withstand deflections due to concrete casting, transverse ribs are arranged at the center and on both sides. The loading position was set at the top center of the specimen. A plate of dimensions 200 mm x 125 mm was installed as a loading plate. Load of 100 kN was first applied 2 million times at a frequency of 3 Hz, then 250 kN was applied 0.5 milhon times at 2 Hz, and finally 300 kN was applied 0.5 million times at 1 Hz. 

Kikukawa K, Mutoh K, Ohya H, Ohyama Y, Tanaka H, Watanabe K, Flexural reinforcement of concrete floor slabs by carbon fiber textiles. Composite Interfaces, 5(5), 469-478, 1998. Katsumata H, Yagi K, Applications of retrofit method with carbon fiber for existing reinforced concrete structures, Obayashi Corp. and Mitsubishi Kasei Corp. Presented at 22nd joint UJNR panel meeting on Repair and Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures, National Institute for standards and Testing (NIST), Gaithersburg, 1990. 

The addition of a welded bottom haunch, with the existing low toughness beam flange groove welds left in-place, resulted in signiflcantly improved connection performance, which was dramatically influenced by the absence or presence of a composite concrete floor slab. In the former case, the specimens developed plastic rotations of 0.015 to 0.025 radian, whereas in the latter case developed plastic hinges in excess of 0.03 radian. 

The isotopic composition of Li in fluids that leave a subducting slab are constrained to some extent by the current data base. As discussed below, low temperature sea floor alteration tends to generate minerals enriched in heavy Li relative to those present in pristine MORE. 

Expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) has different applications, because of its physical form (beads) and properties (higher permeability to water and less effective adhesion to facing materials than polyurethane). The expansion gases, pentane and steam, escape fairly rapidly from the foam, so the thermal conductivity of the foam filled with air is about twice that of the best polyurethane foam—a 50 mm thick slab of foam has a U-value of 0.5-0.6 Wm K . EPS mouldings can be used as shutters (formwork) for pouring concrete in a composite wall. The two EPS layers are connected at intervals to fix the thickness of the concrete. Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) is used in plank form for insulation imder the concrete floor of houses, and in roofing panels. 

Polypropylene and nylon FRC have been applied to non-structural and non-primary load-bearing applications. They are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and industrial products, such as slabs for composite metal deck construction, floor overlays, shotcrete for slope stabilization and pool construction, precast units, slip form curbs, and mortar applications involving sprayed and plastered Portland cement stucco (Krenchel and Shah, 1985 Zollo and Hays, 1991). 

Rigid or Hard Materiai Fiooring. Ceramic tile, ceramic mosaic tile, quarry tile, slate, and marble are all examples of the more rigid flooring materials. All can be installed with adhesives. The subfloor or substrate is likely to be either a concrete slab or plywood or similar composition wood material. Once again it is important that these subfloors be clean, diy, and free from dust, dirt, oil, grease, etc. Most installations of these rigid substrates utilize similar adhesives. 

If there is a diaphragm in the structure, as, for example, is the case with the composite slab of the loft in the prototype building, it is recommended to avoid the more complex option of modeling it with shell elements and instead create a master node that will be connected with all nodes of the diaphragm (Eig. 21). In this case, in order to account for uncertainties in the location of masses and in the spatial variation of the seismic motion, the calculated center of mass at each floor shall be considered as being displaced from its... 

The second development is that most floors in steel structures have become composite ones, with the use of shear studs to connect floor beams and girders to concrete slab cast in metal deck (Viest et al. 1997). The use of the metal deck as both formwork and reinforcement, the... 

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