Complementary DNA -expressed

Shim, C., Zhang, W., Ree, C. H., and Lee, J.-H. 1998. Profiling of differentially expressed genes in human primary cervical cancer by complementary DNA expression array. Clin. Cancer Res. 4 3045-3050. 

Czerwinski M, McLemore TL, Philpot RM, Nhamburo PT, Korzekwa K, et al. 1991. Metabolic activation of4-ipomea-nol by complementary DNA-expressed human cytochromes P-450 evidence for species-specific metabolism. Cancer Res. 51 4636-38... 

Mackenzie PI, Rodbourn L, lyanagi T. 1993. Glucuronidation of carcinogen metabolites by complementary DNA-expressed uridine 5 -diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases. Cancer Res 53 1529-1533. 

M Schena, D Shalon, RW Davis, PO Brown. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microaiTay. Science 270 467-470, 1995. 

Differential display is a method for identifying differentially expressed genes, using anchored oligo-dT, random oligonucleotide primers and polymerase chain reaction on reverse-transcribed RNA from different cell populations. The amplified complementary DNAs are displayed and comparisons are drawn between the different cell populations. 

The total amplification achieved by PCR is described by the expression, (1 + )", where E is the average per-cycle efficiency and n is the total number of cycles. The amount of target sequence and the variable presence of inhibitors in clinical specimens influence both the efficiency and the kinetics of amplification. As seen in the preceding expression, small differences in the efficiency of amplification are exponentially compounded and lead to very large and unpredictable differences in product yield. The situation is even more complicated when the target is RNA. PCR must be preceded by reverse transcription to produce complementary DNA (cDNA), and the efficiency of this process is another variable that may influence product yield. 

Su, X., Prestwood, A.K. and McGraw, R.A. (1991) Cloning and expression of complementary DNA encoding an antigen of Trichinella spiralis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 45, 331—336. 

Huang, Q. Q., et al. Cloning and functional expression of a complementary DNA encoding a mammalian nucleoside transport protein. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 17757-17760. 

Xiao H, Merril, CR, Wu A, Olde B, Moreno R, Kerlavage AR, McCombie WR, Venter JC. Complementary DNA sequencing Expressed Sequence Tags and the Human Genome Project. 

Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J (1986b) Sequence and expression ofhuman estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science 231 1150... 

Crepineau F, Roscoe T, Kaas R, Kloareg B, Boyen C (2000) Characterisation of complementary DNAs from the expressed sequence tag analysis of life cycle stages of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). Plant Mol Biol 43 503-513... 

R. C. Skoda, A. Demierre, O. W. McBride, F. J. Gonzalez, U. A. Meyer, Human Microsomal Xenobiotic Epoxide Hydrolase. Complementary DNA Sequence, Complementary DNA-Directed Expression in COS-1 Cells and Chromosomal Localization , J. Biol. Chem. 1988, 263, 1549 - 1554. 

Expressed Sequence Tags and In Silico Methods Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are short nucleotide sequences of complementary DNA with about 200-500 base pairs. They are parts of the DNA that code for the expression of particular proteins. EST sequencing provides a rapid method to scan for all the protein coding genes and to provide a tag for each gene on the genome. 

Abbreviation Bp, nucleotide base pairs cDNA, complementary DNA ChIP, chromatin Immunoprecipi-tation Cy5, cyanine 5-dCTP Cy3, cyanine 3-dCTP ESTs, expressed sequence tags FDR, false discovery rate MIAME, minimum information about a microarray experiment mRNA, RNA, messenger NIA, National Institutes of Aging RFUs, relative fluorescence units RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SAGE, serial analysis of gene expression SAM, significance analysis of microarrays... 

DNA codes for its own synthesis at the time of cell division. Thus, DNA acts as the agent of inheritance. As is developed below, DNA is a double-stranded helical molecule—the famous double helix—in which the two strands are complementary. DNA is the repository of information that is expressed in synthesis of the proteins of the cell. Therefore, DNA acts as the determinant of the biochemical personality of the cell. ... 

Cleary, J.D., Rogers, P.D., and Chapman, S.W., Differential transcription factor expression in human mononuclear cells in response to amphotericin B identification with complementary DNA microarray technology. Pharmacotherapy, 21, 1046-1054, 2001. 

Lomri, A., Lemonnier, J., Delannoy, R, and Marie, P.J., Increased expression of protein kinase-Ca, interleukin-la, and RhoA guanosine 5 -triphosphatase in osteoblasts expressing the ser252trp fibroblast growth factor 2 apert mutation identification by analysis of complementary DNA microarray, /. Bone Mineral Res., 16, 705-712, 2001. 

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