High polymers, compatible

Compatible High Polymers Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends with Homopolymers of Methyl and Ethyl Methacrylate... 

Noland J S, Hsu N N C, Saxon R and Schmitt J M (1971) Compatible high polymers -poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends with homopolymers of methyl and ethyl methacrylate, Adv Chem Ser 99 15-18. 

J. S. Noland, N. N.-C. Hsu, and J. M Schmiii, Compatible high polymers Poly (vinylidene fluoride) blends with homopolymets of methyl and ethyl methacrylate, Adv Cheat Ser. 99 15 (1970). 

Aid in the uniform dispersion of additives. Make powdered solids (e.g. particulate fillers with high energy and hydrophilic surface) more compatible with polymers by coating their surfaces with an adsorbed layer of surfactant in the form of a dispersant. Surface coating reduces the surface energy of fillers, reduces polymer/filler interaction and assists dispersion. Filler coatings increase compound cost. Fatty acids, metal soaps, waxes and fatty alcohols are used as dispersants commonly in concentrations from 2 to 5 wt %. 

The presence of compatible high-boiling liquids (plasticizers) lowers the Tg of polymers such as PVC. The extent of lowering the Tg of the polymer by the addition of Wx (mass fraction) of plasticizer with a Tg of Tg is shown by the following expression, in which TgM is the Tg of the plasticized polymer [directly analogous to Eq. (7.2)] ... 

Chemical compatibility with polymer used as a binder, low volatility and high resistance to extraction and migration. 

Two high polymers are mutually compatible with one another only if their free energy of interaction is favorable, i.e., negative. Since the mixing of a pair of polymers, like the mixing of simple liquids, in the great majority of cases, is endothermic, incompatibility of chemically dissimilar polymers is observed to be the rule and compatibility is the exception. 

Sammler RL, Dion RP, Carriere CJ and Cohen A (1992) Compatibility of high polymers probed by interfacial tension. Rheol Acta 31 554-64. 

In order to become a viable alternative, MIP-based assays need to offer an added value to the conventional antibody-based immunoassays. Some characteristics of the MIP-based assays are summarised in Table 14.1. Superior characteristics of MIPS in comparison to antibodies are observed with respect to chemical, mechanical and thermal stability. The MIPs are compatible with autoclave conditions (120°C, 20 min) and are unaffected by acid and base treatment [7]. In fact, to achieve as complete removal of imprint molecules as possible, in the author s laboratory it is routine to include a wash step with 5 M sodium hydroxide in the MIP synthesis work-up protocol. The possibility of using a wider range of assay solvents, namely both aqueous and organic solvents, enables the solubility of the analyte to be assured and problems with non-specific adsorption minimised. Furthermore, high polymer stability leads to improved shelf life, where the MIP can be stored for several years in the dry state at ambient temperatures. 

Zinc oxides is mainly used in the rubber industry in which it serves as an activator in the vulcanization process. Its low hardness and high compatibility with polymers are important for its utilization in chemical materials. In its utilization in paints, its tendency to form zinc soaps, which hinder the attack of coatings by fungus and improve the aging resi.stance (UV-absorption), is important. Further application fields for zinc oxide are in copier paper, glues, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products and dental cements. 

Paraplex [Hall]. TM for polymeric plasticizers for polymers and resinous coatings. Primarily polyesters, but some are epoxidized oils that impart heat and light stability as well as plasticization. Supplied as viscous liquids in a range of molecular weights all at 100% solids. Compatible with polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, cellulosics, and other high polymers and elastomers. 

Stabilizers of high compatibility with polymers are being synthesized. To improve their compatibility with polymers, some fragments are introduced into the stabilizer. For example, alkyl substituents provide high effectiveness to photostabili-... 

Many molecules with pH-dependent fluorescence properties are known and used only in aqueous media, which essentially precludes them from resist applications. To be of use in resist applications, fluorescent molecules must be soluble in organic solvents of moderate polarity and also be compatible with polymer films.Aromatic monazines such as acridine have been known to be essentially nonfluorescent in non-hydrogen-bonding solvents, whereas their protonated forms are highly fluorescent in aqueous solutions, which makes this class of materials interesting candidates for potential acid sensors. ... 

In general the same principles apply to mixtures of two polymers in a common solvent. Theoretical calculations of the spinodals show that the incompatibility depends on the interaction parameter x 23 (polymer-solvent 3) at high polymer concentrations. Conversely, the difference between the interaction parameters x 12 and x 13 becomes important at low concentrations. If these interaction parameters differ greatly, a very strong solvent influence on the incompatibility will be observed in dilute solutions. The poly(styrene) / poly(vinyl methyl ether) system is, for example, compatible in toluene, benzene, or perchloroethylene, but not in chloroform or methylene chloride. Conversely, at high polymer concentrations, incompatibility in one solvent is normally accompanied by incompatibility in all other solvents. 

Temperature is another factor. It defines the difference between polymer and solvent. Solvent is more affected than polymer. This distinction in free volumes is stipulated by different sizes of molecules of polymer and solvent. The solution of polymer in chemically identical solvent should have unequal free volumes of components. It causes important thermodynamic consequences. The most principal among them is the deterioration of compatibility between polymer and solvent at high temperatures leading to phase separation. 

Thomas, C.A., K. Zong, and P. Schottland. 2000. Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s as highly stable aqueous-compatible conducting polymers with biomedical implications. Adv Mater 12 222. 

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