Comparison biological effects

Structure activity relationships, i.e., the total pattern of change in a biological activity as a function of chemical structure, typically derived from a comparison within a chemical series so that the biological effects of substitution at each structural position may be determined and correlated. 

Alessio L, Bertazzi PA, Monelli O, et al. 1976. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin as an indicator of the biological effect of lead in adult males II. Comparison between free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and other indicators of effect. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 37 89-105. 

Binder, R. Nowotny, W. Schmidt, N.0. Bianchi, P.P.W. van Buul, A.T. Natarajan, L. Fabry, A. Leonard, M. KucerovA, D.C. Lloyd, U. Mukherjee, G. Obe, F. Palitti, and T. Sharma, Comparison of Dose Dependence of Chromosome Aberrations in Peripheral Lymphocytes at Low Levels of Acute in Vitro Irradiation With 250 kV X-Rays and 14 MeV Neutrons, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological Effects of Low-Level Radiation in Venice, pp. 171-184 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (1983). 

This area was the most profusely studied in the AQUATERRA project in terms of biological effects in fish populations. Barbel and bleak were the sentinel species selected in this area and an array of histological and biochemical tests were used to monitor the impact due to three major sources of pollution mercury and OCs at Monzon (with a comparison in one of the papers with Flix) and PBDEs in Barbastro [1—4, 37]. Mercury pollution was directly correlated to an increase of MTprotein in the liver of barbel captured downstream Monzon when compared to samples captured upstream (Fig. 3a). However, mRNA quantitative analyses failed to show any differences between downstream and upstream Monzon, neither correlated with MT protein levels. Further studies showed that MT mRNA in liver is a rather weak marker for chronic metal pollution in liver (see below) [4], The presence of degenerative hepatocytes in barbels and bleaks was also linked to mercury poisoning although it can also reflect the impact by other pollutants, like OCs or PBDEs (Fig. 3e). 

The psychopharmacological profile of minaprine in mice and rats has been investigated in comparison with reference antidepressant drugs [133, 138], Additional reports on various biological effects of minaprine [14, 139-143], and recent discussions of its neurochemical profile are available [144, 145]. 

An analytic smdy always implies a comparison among two or more groups. Data from analytic studies may be useful for identifying a relationship between human exposure and effects such as biological effect markers, early signs of chronic effects, disease occurrence, or mortality (EC 2003). 

Schafer, M., Schmitz, C., Facius, R., Horneck, G., Milow, B., Funken, K. H., and Ortner, J. (2000). Systematic study of parameters influencing the action of Rose Bengal with visible light on bacterial cells Comparison between the biological effect and singlet oxygen production. Photochem. Photobiol. 71(5), 514—523. 

Albert, R.E., Burns, F.J., and Shore, R.E. (1978). Comparison of the incidence and time patterns of radiation-induced skin cancer in humans and rats, page 49 in Late Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, lAEA-SM-224/105, (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

Silymarin is considered the active constituent of the milk thistle seed, but it is not a single compound but a descriptive term for several flavonoli-gnans. Constituent analysis of five milk thistle products identified six constituents (representative amount) taxifolin (3.3%), silichristin (23.6 /o), silidianin (5.3 /o), silybin A (20%i), silybin B (30.7%i), and isosilybin (17.3 /o). The total amounts of silybin A and B in the five different products analyzed ranged from 45.7 /o to 61%i. The biological effect of each constituent is not known hence, spectrophotometric analysis would not provide sufficient information for a critical comparison of these products. 

Lowest observed effect concentration, that is the lowest concentration in the tested series at which a biological effect is observed (i.e., where the mean value for the observed response is significantly different from the controls). It is one of the tested concentrations obtained, for example, after analysis of variance and multiple comparison statistical testing (e.g, Dunnett test). Volume 1(3,4), Volume 2(8,11). 

These genetic data strongly support the role of the Ah receptor in mediating the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. However, it has become clear that a comparison of the properties of the Ah receptor across species and tissues indicates that it is difficult to account for the species-specific sensitivity and diversity of the biological effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by characteristics of... 

Davis JM, Bolton RE, Cowie H, et al. 1985b. Comparisons of the biological effects of mineral fibre samples using in vitro and in vivo assay systems. NATO ASI Ser G 3 405-411. 

Roddie, B.D., Redshaw, C.J. and Nixon, S. (1996) Sublethal biological effects monitoring using the common mussel (Mytilus edulis) comparison of laboratory and in situ effects of an industrial effluent discharge. In Toxic Impacts of Wastes on the Aquatic Environment, Tapp, J.F., Hunt, S.M. and Wharfe, J.R. (eds), pp. 125-137. Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 

Figure 4 Typical radiation dose ranges for thedifferent utilizations of high-energy radiation in polymer processing. Doses for desinfection, sterilization and sprout prevention (biological effects) are given for comparison.

Zapol Skaya NA, Borisova W, Zhomo LY, et al. 1974. Comparison of the biological effect of strontium-90, cesium-13 7, iodine-131 and external irradiation. In International Radiation Protection Association, ed. Third International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association. Springfield, VA U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 147-152. 

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