Reactor design, commercial heat aspects

The second stage of development is typically aimed at mimicking commercial operations by employing recycle streams to achieve realistic simulations of the integrated process. Isothermal conditions are usually maintained in the reactor, but if heat release is a concern, such as residuum hydrotreating, then it is wise to run adiabatically so that the adiabatic reaction temperature can be established and also how much heat must be removed in the final commercial design. Defining catalyst deactivation, yield patterns, and how various feed types influence the process are typical aspects to explore. 

Regarding the potential commercial use of millistructured reactors, one of the main aspects to be considered is its possible integration in industrial processes. In this context, not only the design of the reactor but also the way in which it interacts with the different equipment linked to it in terms of mass and heat balances should be taken into account. For the latter purpose, process simulation software such as Aspen HYSYS, Aspen Plus, PROMAX, UNISIM, and/or... 

Part A gives general guidelines for the design of large commercial fluidized bed reactors with respect to the following aspects (1) solids properties and their effect on the quality of fluidization (2) bubble size control through small solid particle size or baffles (3) particle recovery by means of cyclones (4) heat transfer tubes (5) solids circulation systems (6) instrumentation, corrosion and erosion, mathematical models, pilot plants and scale-up techniques. 

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