Combined waste recycling

To obtain the mass emissions of pollutants from e-waste recycling processes, it is essential that the inputs of pollutants are truly e-waste related. To fulfill this requirement, a causal analysis is desirable. However, the concept of causation is rather problematic because causal mechanisms are complex [26]. Nonetheless, we are compelled to identify causes, in an attempt to minimize the uncertainties associated with our estimates. In this chapter, the strict empiricist, David Hume s empirical criterion, was adopted. This approach requires only a combination of (1) e-waste processing and environmental pollution are associated in space and time (contiguity) (2) e-waste processing precede to environmental pollution (temporal succession) and (3) e-waste processing is always conjoined with environmental pollution (consistent conjunction). These are always the cases judged from a number of previous studies [6, 27-35]. 

PP/IIR-V is appreciated for its low gas permeability combined with compliance with the pharmacopoeia, fair compression sets, the rubber-like hardness range, low density, low-temperature behaviour, fair ageing resistance, sterilization resistance, damping properties, ease of waste recycling... 

Generally the whole polymer recycling policy has to consider the problem in a holistic way. A combination of recycling methods has to be considered and polymer recycling has to be viewed in conjunction with recycling of other waste type. Issues such as sorting of waste into various waste types as well as separation issues have still to be tested. 

Design attempts to combine the elements of art and science. The first consideration in any design and optimisation problem is to decide the boundaries of the system. Optimised process design in plastics waste recycling considers the costs of manufacturing, processing technique and the minimisation of waste. 

Due to increased competition, cost reduction and economic uncertainty, industry is seeking to manufacture products from a combination of recycled and virgin material. The competitive situation in world markets has led to a move away from the use of pure virgin material hence, the time has come to use plastics waste in large quantities. The role of marketing plastics waste involves finding new strategies and infrastructures for novel market opportunities. 

Whereas many of these technologies are not really new, they have never had the regulatory and economic justification for their use in metallizing. Each of these general methods has many variants. Some may be directed to waste treatment, some to recycle, and some to reclaim. An example is filtration, used to prevent release to air of zinc particles from flame spraying, microfiltration of cleaners to extend hfe, in combination with chemical precipitation to remove metal particles from wastewater, and many other uses. 

Manual Component Separation The manual separation of solid-waste components can be accomplished at the source where solid wastes are generated, at a transfer station, at a centralized processing station, or at the disposal site. Manual sorting at the source of generation is the most positive way to achieve the recoveiy and reuse of materials. The number and types of components salvaged or sorted (e.g., cardboard and high-quality paper, metals, and wood) depend on the location, the opportunities for recycling, and the resale market. There has been an evolution in the solid waste indus-tiy to combine manual and automatic separation techniques to reduce overall costs and produce a cleaner product, especially for recyclable materials. 

The sources of solid wastes per se are summarized in Tables 16.1 and 16.4.) However, dealing with any of them will involve some combination of the activities shown in Figure 16.2, i.e. collection, segregation and identification, processing, recycling, transport and final disposal. 

---