Combined Agents

NP systems that can bind substrates and induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in vivo are very interesting and highly clinically relevant theranostic nanoparticles. The induction of apoptosis is a central element of the function of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatments, and apoptosis is a major pathway in heart failure. The protein Annexin V [167] is typically used to image apoptopic processes [167, 168]. Several theranostic systems have been developed to study the apoptotic response in response to treatment [169, 170], and cardiac damage. Such systems are mainly based on SPION [171, 172]. 

Xiao and co-workers have constructed unimolecular micelles from the biocompatible hyperbranched polymer Boltorn , modified with poly(L-glutamate) and PEG chains 

Zhou and co-workers have prepared core-shell nanogels that combine bearing targeting, bearing imaging and temperature sensing in a single theranostic nanoparticle 

Wong-Beringer, R.A. Jacobs and B.J. Guglielmo, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1998,27, 3, 603. 

Hiemenz and TJ. Walsh, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1996,22, Supplement 2, SI33. 

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), NFPA 11. Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems. NFPA, Quincy, MA, 1988. 

This design permits effective firefighting against three dimensional pressure leaks and large spill fires. The AFFF secures against reflash, as the dry chemical provides for fast knockdown and extinguishment. See NFPA 13 for more information on combined agent systems. 

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Currently available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) include fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, and citalopram. At present, expert opinion does not support the usefulness of these serotonergic compounds in the treatment of core ADHD symptoms (National Institute of Mental Health, 1996). Nevertheless, because of the high rates of comorbidity in ADHD, these compounds are frequently combined with effective anti-ADHD agents (see Combined Pharmacotherapy, below). Since many psychotropics are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system (Nemeroff et ah, 1996), which in turn can be inhibited by the SSRIs, caution should be exercised when combining agents, such as the TCAs, with SSRIs. 

Another approach to the management of IM resistance is to combine agents that are individually active against CML but have differing mechanisms of action that may allow either additive or synergistic effects in a non-cross-resistant marmer. This approach has been extensively studied in the literature and will not be reviewed in detail here. An excellent discussion of combination therapy is foimd in the reviews by Hochhaus and La Rosee (52,85). Some combination approaches have utilized famesyl transferase inhibition such as lonafamib in combination with IM, inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in combination with IM and combining mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of the JAK-STAT pathway. 

Chronic use of combination agents depresses ovarian function. Follicular development is minimal, and corpora lutea, larger follicles, stromal edema, and other morphologic features normally seen in ovulating women are absent. The ovaries usually become smaller even when enlarged before therapy. 

Zhang, L. et al. 2007. High-throughput synergy screening identifies microbial metabolites as combination agents for the treatment of fungal infections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4606 -611. 

The conjvinctivitis associated with Reiter s syndrome is usually mild and transient.A topical aminoglycoside, erythromycin, or a combination agent such as trimethoprim-polymyxin B (Polytrim) may be used to treat more severe conjimctivitis. 

If this is not possible, then switch to a combination agent with benzoyl peroxide plus an antibiotic... 

Combining agents (e.g. tricyclic and SSRI venlafaxine and mirtazepine). 

In this work, we have shown how to combine agents and services in a manufacturing system by mapping these concepts to the ISA-95 hierarchy and activity models. We have presented a list of rules to decide whether a particular activity should be a service, an agent or both. With these rules, we have annotated the production operations activity model for level 3 of the ISA-95 the... 

Grimes P, KeUy P, Toork H et al (2006) Community-based trial of a triple-combination agent for the treatment of facial melasma. Cutis 77 177-184... 

Rolipram increased cAMP accumulation in rat pulmonary vascular endothelial cells than did fors-kolin, isoprenaline, or adenosine derivatives alone, although extensive synergy was seen with combined agents (Thompson et al. 2002). High-afflnity phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, but not low-affinity or non-selective inhibitors, were effective inducers of cAMP accumulation in intact cells. 

Use of a Nitrogen Detector for GLC Determination of Fluorouracil in Plasma During a Single and Combined-Agent Chemotherapy... 

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