Colorectal cancer prevention

However, already in an early clinical trial, rofecoxib was found to produce four times the number of myocardial infarctions than its comparator drug, naproxen. A subsequent trial of rofecoxib compared to placebo in colorectal cancer prevention demonstrated, after 18 months of study, that a greater number of myocardial infarctions occulted in the rofecoxib group. In 2004 the manufacturers of rofecoxib withdrew the diug from the market. A similar study of celecoxib compared to placebo in cancer prevention, showed that celecoxib also increased the risk of cardiovascular embolisms [3]. 

Hawk ET, Levin B. Colorectal cancer prevention. J Clin Oncol 2005 23 378-391. 

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Brown JR, DuBois RN. COX-2 a molecular target for colorectal cancer prevention. / Clin Oncol. 2005 23 2840-2855. 

Berra, B., Colombo, I., Sottocornola, E., Giacosa, A. 2002. Dietary sphingolipids in colorectal cancer prevention. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 11, 193-197. 

Schrag D, Weeks J. Costs and cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Oncol 1999 26 561-568. 

Bingham, S.A., Diet and colorectal cancer prevention, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 28,12-16, 2000. 

Weisburger, J. H. Reddy, R.S. Springarn, N.E. Wynder, E.L. "Current Views on the Mechanisms Involvedin the Etiology of Colorectal Cancer Prevention, Epidemiology, and Screening Winawer, F. Schottenfeld, D. Sherlock,P., Ed. Raven Press New York, 1980 p. 19. 

Giardiello, F.M., Offerhaus, G.J., and Dubois, R.N. (1995) The Role of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Prevention, Eur. J. Cancer 31 A, 1971-1076. 

Burkitt, D. P., 1980, Fiber in the etiology of colorectal cancer, in Colorectal Cancer Prevention, Epidemiology, and Screening (S. Winwar, D. Schottenfeld, and P. Sherlock, eds.), pp. 13-18, Raven Press, Inc., New York. 

Kim, Y.I., 2006. Folate a magic bullet or a double edged sword for colorectal cancer prevention Gut. 55 1387-1389. 

Boyle P, Ferlay J (2005) Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe, 2004. Ann Oncol 16 481-488 Brenner DJ, Georgsson MA (2005) Mass screening with CT colonography should the radiation exposure be of concern Gastroenterology 129 328-337 Bretthauer M, Thiis-Evensen E, Huppertz-Hauss G etal. (2002) NORCCAP (Norwegian colorectal cancer prevention) a randomised trial to assess the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide versus air insufflation in colonoscopy. Gut 50 604-607... 

In summary, combined estrogen plus progestin should not be used for the prevention of chronic diseases because it increases the risk of CHD, stroke, breast cancer, and venous thromboembolism. However, colorectal cancer and rates of fracture were reduced with combined hormonal treatment. 

Primary prevention is aimed at preventing colorectal cancer in an at-risk population. To date, the only strategy shown to reduce the risk is chemoprevention with celecoxib in people with familial adenomatous polyposis. 

In view of the reported growing importance ascribed to folic acid deficiency in the prevention of various disease conditions, such as neural tube defects, megaloblastic anemia, colon cancer, and colorectal cancer, a dissolution requirement is specified for folic acid when it is present in multivitamin-mineral combination products. Currently, the dissolution standard required in the official articles of dietary supplements (including vitamin-mineral combination products) places folic acid outside the index vitamin hierarchy. Therefore, a mandatory dissolution test for folic acid is required that is independent of and in addition to the mandatory index vitamin test for multivitamin preparations containing folic acid. 

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