Collision interface

W.A. Gey M.A. Cook (Ref 4). Their experiments in propagation of deton thru steel glass plates showed that thin plates of inert material invariably interrupt the deton wave completely, requiring the deton to re-form if it continues to propagate beyond the interrupter. A remarkable "new phenomenon, called flash-across, was observed when a bluish-white hot spot on one frame and another hot spot that developed between adjacent frames on the opposite SPHF plate had both flashed across the chge and met at the collision interface... 

A jet may be formed when two surfaces collide at high relative velocity and at certain angles. The Jet is made of material that has been stressed into plastic flow caused by high pressure at the collision interface. Jets, thus formed, are the critical element in two special areas of explosives applications cutting with shaped charges and explosive welding. 

Y. Abdelnour and J. Murphy, The Analysis of Whole Blood Samples by Collision Interface ICP-MS, Varian Inc. Application Note—28, 2007, http //www.varianinc.com/ image/vimage/docs/products/spectr/icpms/atworks/icpms28.pdf. 

Wherever the collision interface between waves of different period approaches too close to a filament. Such interfaces are likely to exist, since rotation period depends on twist, and twist varies regionally. This situation takes time to develop, since the collision interface moves in one rotation period only that fraction of a wavelength equal to the percentage frequency difference. 

Two simulation methods—Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics—allow calculation of the density profile and pressure difference of Eq. III-44 across the vapor-liquid interface [64, 65]. In the former method, the initial system consists of N molecules in assumed positions. An intermolecule potential function is chosen, such as the Lennard-Jones potential, and the positions are randomly varied until the energy of the system is at a minimum. The resulting configuration is taken to be the equilibrium one. In the molecular dynamics approach, the N molecules are given initial positions and velocities and the equations of motion are solved to follow the ensuing collisions until the set shows constant time-average thermodynamic properties. Both methods are computer intensive yet widely used. 

Effusion separator (or effusion enricher). An interface in which carrier gas is preferentially removed from the gas entering the mass spectrometer by effusive flow (e.g., through a porous tube or through a slit). This flow is usually molecular flow, such that the mean free path is much greater than the largest dimension of a traverse section of the channel. The flow characteristics are determined by collisions of the gas molecules with surfaces flow effects from molecular collisions are insignificant. 

The use of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and MS/MS techniques in conjunction with the API interfaces has dramatically impacted the fleld of environmental analysis. These techniques are now preferred for the determination of triazine compounds in water, soil, crops, etc., owing to the significant improvements in selectivity obtained via the monitoring of precursor-product ion pairs and increased sensitivity due to the reduction of chemical noise. 

Mode Interface Spray voltage Sheath gas Auxiliary gas Capillary temperature Manifold temperature Collision gas Total scan time QIMS resolution voltage added Q3MS resolution voltage added Parent masses... 

Hoogewerff JA, van Bergen MJ, Vroon PZ, Hertogen J, Wordel R, Sneyers A, Nasution A, Varekamp JC, Moens HLE, Mouchel D (1997) U-series, Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and trace-element systematics across an active island arc-continent collision zone impUcations for element transfer at the slab-wedge interface. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61 1057-1072... 

ToFs can also be used in combination with other mass analysers. Both hybrid sector and quadrupole systems are available. oaToF-MS has been interfaced to a quadrupole mass filter and hexapole gas collision cell, such as to allow recording of mass spectra and product ion spectra with good mass resolution (ca. 10000), high sensitivity, high mass range (ca. 10 000 Da) and high mass accuracy (<5ppm) [177,178]. QqToFMS may be fitted with API sources with flow-rates from nL... 

The first possibility is an increase in the pre-exponential factor, A, which represents the probability of molecular impacts. The collision efficiency can be effectively influenced by mutual orientation of polar molecules involved in the reaction. Because this factor depends on the frequency of vibration of the atoms at the reaction interface, it could be postulated that the microwave field might affect this. Binner et al. [21] explained the increased reaction rates observed during the microwave synthesis of titanium carbide in this way ... 

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