Manifold temperature profile

The control of furan versus oxepin manifolds has been addressed recently. Vinyloxiranes of type (139) yielded oxepins (140) at lower temperatures, whereas higher temperatures gave dihydrofurans (141 Scheme 29), indicating that the Cope-type rearrangement of cis-divinyloxirane may be controll by precisely defining the temperature profile of the flash vacuum pyrolysis. 

Figure 4.85 Example of temperature profile for a manifold with cartridge heaters [27]...

F/g 6.8 Nondimensional velocity, temperature, and density profiles for finite-gap stagnation flow at various values of the temperature difference between the inlet manifold and the stagnation surface. In all cases the inlet temperature is 7 n = 300 K, the Reynolds number is Re = 100, and the Prandtl number is Pr = 0.7. 

The pioneering discovery by Mukaiyama in 1974 of the Lewis acid mediated aldol addition reaction of enol silanes and aldehydes paved the way for subsequent explosive development of this innovative method for C-C bond formation. One of the central features of the Mukaiyama aldol process is that the typical enol silane is un-reactive at ambient temperatures with typical aldehydes. This reactivity profile allows exquisite control of the reaction stereoselectivity by various Lewis acids additionally, it has led to the advances in catalytic, enantioselective aldol methodology. Recent observations involving novel enol silanes, such as enoxy silacyclobutanes and O-si-lyl M(9-ketene acetals have expanded the scope of this process and provided additional insight into the mechanistic manifolds available to this versatile reaction. 

The multiphoton absorption cycle was confirmed by a comparison of the temporal profile of the fluorescence of anthracene-doped polystyrene films with computational results based on the cyclic process [97]. In the computational studies, the ground state, first excited singlet state, and lowest triplet state have been included. The calculated temperature rise during the laser pulse depends nonlinearly on the laser intensity. Rapid internal conversion within the triplet manifold is the most effective mechanism for depositing heat at the irradiated surface. 

The unique property profile of ionic liquids (ILs), which are commonly defined as organic salts that are liquid at temperatures below 100 °C or even at room temperature, renders them attractive candidates for manifold applications. Due to their negligible vapor pressure, excellent solvating properties, low flammability, frequently high thermal stability, ionic conductivity, and usually broad electrochemical window, ILs are widely applied as solvents, in catalysis, and as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. " ... 

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