Collaborative relationships, defining

Some individuals have advocated that pharmacists be granted independent prescriptive authority—that is, authority to prescribe medications independent of a defined collaborative relationship with an individual physician or medical group. Indeed, the system operative in Florida represents a form of independent prescriptive authority for pharmacists, albeit limited to a select formulary of drugs. Others have argued that pharmacists should function in a dependent role where prescriptive authority is delegated by a physician or other independent prescriber to another health care professional whom that prescriber believes possesses the professional skills and judgment necessary to perform these delegated duties. 

The coordinated approach contracting relationships built on collaboration, trust and close interpersonal ties define the coordinated approach. This approach means that the producer inherits the responsibility and costs of social auditing as they are passed down the supply chain. This is achieved, however, within the framework of close retailer-supplier relationships. Although subcontracting exists, known networks of traceable suppliers are involved. As such, it is possible to exert considerably greater control over the ethical trading process. 

In summary, templates provide a powerful way to capture reusable model frameworks, whether at an abstract specification level or down in the detailed design. In particular, templates are good for capturing collaborations. Even without tools, the template notation is a useful form of abbreviation even when the template is not very rigorously defined. It s an easy way to say on a diagram, This, this, and this type have such-and-such a relationship. ... 

In Catalysis, frameworks are our reusable pieces of design so now let s use them for reusable pieces of collaboration. The interesting thing about a collaboration is that it defines the interactive relationship between two or more objects but when you define it by itself, you avoid saying anything about the other relationships each role player might have. 

The framework in Figure 9.18 illustrates a relationship between a Trader who makes Orders from a Distributor. In the framework, we don t care how the Trader gets rid of stock, nor how the Distributor acquires it. We have shown this as a degenerate collaboration, as it will next be refined as a unit. (Notice that we ve made all the types substitutable except Date. So we would likely have Date defined as an actual type somewhere in the package in which this framework definition appears or in the packages it imports.)... 

Psychopharmacotherapy is the combined use of psychoactive medication and psychotherapy. Brent and Kolko (1998) define the latter as a treatment modality in which therapist and patient collaborate to ease functional psychopathological impairment through attention to (1) the therapeutic relationship, (2) the patient s behavior, thoughts, attitudes and affect (the working diagnosis), and (3) the social context and development (this is especially salient in the work of the child and adolescent psychiatrist). 

A good relationship with the physician paves the way to effective collaboration (Seaburn et ah, 1996). As in work with a new patient, joining is the most critical task in building a good relationship. Minuchin and Fishman (1981) define joining as the glue that holds the therapeutic system together (p. 32). This is equally true for the professionals in the therapeutic system. Collaboration is much easier if professionals like one another and have confidence in one another s abilities. 

AHEAD currently supports only a delegation-relationship for the cooperation between processes where both parties have different roles during the collaboration (namely contractor and subcontractor) implying different rights to define all cooperation aspects. However, other possible cooperation scenarios should also be possible. For example, the same rights and duties can be given to the partners of a peer-to-peer cooperation. 

In the top-left corner of Fig. 5.56, a system s static structure is defined with its components, their (import and export) interfaces and their relationships. To describe the dynamic behavior of the system one or more interaction or collaboration diagrams (top-right corner of Fig. 5.56) may be used for example. Both specifications are restricted to the logical level, i.e. they strictly adhere to the concepts of modularity and encapsulation. 

The initial objective of our work was to quantify solvent effects (particularly solvent nucleophilicity) by adapting the Grunwald-Winstein equation (2) (5). In equation 2, k is the rate of solvolysis of a substrate (RX) in any solvent relative to 80% v/v ethanol-water (k0) and Y is the solvent ionizing power defined by m = 1.000 for solvolyses of tert-butyl chloride at 25 °C. In this chapter, a discussion of equation 2 and similar free-energy relationships is presented. At the time our work began (1969), in collaboration with Schleyer, mechanisms of solvolytic reactions were close to a high in controversy (6-8). More recent mechanistic developments (9-13) are not reviewed in detail here, but increased recognition of the importance of nucleophilic solvent assistance should be noted. 

In the early 1930 s Astbury and his collaborators defined the principal features of the molecular structure of essentially all mammalian hard keratins (4, 6). This work introduced the concept of the regularly folded a-protein chain. Within this scheme of things the hard keratins of birds and reptiles stood out, for they gave highly characteristic diffraction patterns which could only be interpreted in terms of a special type of 0 or nonfolded chain (5). Nevertheless, much of the epidermal protein in birds and reptiles has the same a-type structure as is always found in the case of mammalian epidermal tissue. The special interest of these observations was to reveal a widespread common type of molecular structure in the principal fibrous proteins of vertebrate epidermis. This common type is not quite universal because of the seeming mutation in the hard keratins of birds and reptiles, which defines the unique relationship of these groups at the molecular level (5, 50). 

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