Coking waste

Herbes, S.E. (1981) Rates of microbial transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediments in the vicinity of coal-coking waste water discharge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41, 20-28. 

Fuel Coal Coal Pet coke/waste oil Vacuum residue Coal Lignite ... 

Many ores, coal, coke, waste fines, etc. 

The Phenox process (254) removes phenol (qv) from the efduent from catalytic cracking in the petroleum industry. Extraction of phenols from ammoniacal coke-oven Hquor may show a small profit. Acetic acid can be recovered by extraction from dilute waste streams (255). Oils are recovered by extraction from oily wastewater from petroleum and petrochemical operations. Solvent extraction is employed commercially for the removal of valuable... 

Incinera tion of waste Hquids and soHds refuse Coking (thermal cracking)... 

Other includes net imports of coal coke and electricity produced from wood, waste, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal sources connected to electric utihty distribution systems. It does not include consumption of wood energy other than that consumed by electric utiUty industry. 

Some beehive ovens, having various improvements and additions of waste heat boilers, thereby allowing heat recovery from the combustion products, may stiU be in operation. Generally, however, the beehive oven has been replaced by waH-heated, horizontal chamber, ie, slot, ovens in which higher temperatures can be achieved as well as a better control over the quality of the coke. Modem slot-type coke ovens are approximately 15 m long, approximately 6 m high, and the width is chosen to suit the carbonization behavior of the coal to be processed. For example, the most common widths are ca 0.5 m, but some ovens may be as narrow as 0.3 m, or as wide as 0.6 m. 

Phenols. The first stable ozone oxidation product of phenol in water is ds ds-raucomc acid, which requires - 2 mol O /mol phenol. In practice, larger dosage levels of ozone are required because other ozone-reactive substances are present in most wastes. Ozone oxidation of phenoHc effluents is employed in paper mills, coke mills, oil refineries, and thermoplastic resin manufacture, producing effluents that are safe to freshwater biota (122,123) (see Lignin Pulp). 

The fluohmic process is a third process for manufacturing hydrogen cyanide, which is being appHed in Spain and AustraUa. This process involves the reaction of ammonia with a hydrocarbon, usually propane or butane, in a fluidized bed of coke particles. The endothermic heat of reaction is suppHed electrically through electrodes immersed in the fluid bed. Yields from propane and ammonia are reportedly above 85% and the waste gas is essentially hydrogen, but the costs for electricity are high. Thus this process is appHcable only when there is an inexpensive source of power. 

Steel mills Blast furnaces charging, pouring CO, fumes, smoke, particulates (dust) Good maintenance, seal leaks use of higher ratio of pelletized or sintered ore CO burned in waste-heat boilers, stoves, or coke ovens cyclone, scrubber, and baghouse... 

Ashes and residues. These are the materials remaining from the burning of wood, coal, coke, and other combustible wastes. 

The suitability of gas absorption as a pollution control method is generally dependent on the following factors 1) availability of suitable solvent 2) required removal efficiency 3) pollutant concentration in the inlet vapor 4) capacity required for handling waste gas and, 5) recovery value of the pollutant(s) or the disposal cost of the unrecoverable solvent. Packed-bed scrubbers are typically used in the chemical, aluminum, coke and ferro-alloy, food and agriculture, and chromium electroplating industries. 

Heat recovery tor steam generation, pre-heating combustion air, and high efficiency burners Adjustable speed drives, heat recovery coke oven gases, and dry coke quenching Efficient hot blast stove operation, waste heat recovery for hot blast stove, top gas power recovery turbines, direct coal injection... 

Coal gasification is fuel flexible so that the process can use the most available feedstock at the best price. Gasifiers have successfully gasified hcar y fuel oil and combinations of oil and waste gas. Other possible gasification feedstock includes petroleum coke, trash, used tires, and sewage sludge. Various combinations of feedstocks and coal have been successfully gasified. 

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