Coherent behavior

O/Fe] abundances are presented for 30 G and K giants and subgiants, however, the total number of stars with precise radial velocities is around 70. In the general, the HR position and the chemical properties of those stars showed a coherent behavior. The surface composition of the giant depends on the initial composition and mass. 

Interestingly, for the lower temperature case of 3 =8, the CMD method is in much better agreement with the exact result. In contrast, the classical result does not show any low temperature coherent behavior. The more accurate low temperature CMD result also suggests that CMD should not be labeled a quasiclassical method because the results actually improve in the more quantum limit for this system. The improvement of these results over the higher temperature case can be understood through an examination of the effective centroid potential. The degree of nonlinearity in the centroid potential is less at low temperature, so the correlation function dephases less. 

We review in Section II the basic results of nonequilibrium thermodynamic stability theory and recall the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions necessary to the occurrence of cooperative coherent behaviors in chemical systems. We briefly indicate some known experimental systems that meet these requirements and in which dissipative structures... 

From a historical point of view, it is interesting to note that previous theories have not at all questioned as restrictive a condition as coherence. Rather, for the simple boundary conditions to which they have confined themselves, they have taken an entirely coherent behavior for granted (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9,12,14,15, 16,17,18,19, 20). Apparently, only Bayle and Klinkenberg (1) recognized that an unproved postulate is involved. The present theory encompasses noncoherent as well as coherent behavior and is free of any such postulate. 

The conference was divided into four parts to each of which a full day was devoted the first one treated Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, with special regard to The Theory of Critical Phenomena the second part regarded Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Cooperative Phenomena the third one, The Macroscopic Approach to Coherent Behavior in Far Equilibrium Conditions and the fourth and last, Fluctuation Theory and Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions. ... 

A simple physical picture that is consistent with the above results is that above T one has coherent itinerant quasiparticle behavior over the entire Fermi surface, observed as an anomalous Fermi liquid. Below T one loses that coherent behavior for a portion of the Fermi surface near the antinodes the hot quasiparticles (those whose spin-fluctuation-induced interaction is strongest) found there enter the pseudogap state its formation is characterized by a transfer of quasiparticle spectral weight from low to high frequencies that produces the decrease in the uniform spin susceptibility below T. The remainder of the Fermi surface is largely unaffected. 

When the chiral center of ketonic Mannich basc.s is located in a different position from the a, a coherent behavior toward reduction becomes much more difficult to observe, and the discussion has to be limited to specific cases. Actually, a slight change in a few variables of the system under examination is sufficient to obtain an inversion of the predominant attack. ... 

Figure 21 Stratigraphic age versus Nd- and Hf-crustal residence ages. Model ages were calculated using hnear E evolution from 0 to - -10 for Nd and 0 to - -16 for Hf, from 4.56 Gyr to present. The similarity of the model age systematics underscores the overall coherent behavior of the Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopic systems in the sedimentary environment (after Vervoort et al., 1999).

Prefactor A (i.e., the Van Vleck determinant) in Eq. (448) relates to fluctuations around the classical path. It should be noted that the utilization of the singledomain approximation (445) partly ignores a contribution on the side of unordered spin configurations to wave functions of the ground states that is, any term similar to To in expression (442), the decoherence factor, is omitted. Thus, the spin-spin interaction results in the coherent behavior of a magnetic one-domain particle. 

The continuous parts of the spectra ("continua") of atomic and molecular systems were traditionally thought of as incoherent sinks that result in "rate-like" processes and irreversible decay. While this view may sometimes be true for confinua whose coupling matrix element varies relatively slowly with energy ("flat" continua), experiments of fhe last two decades have demonstrated coherent behavior in many laser-mediated processes associated with continua. The "dressing" of confinua by light was shown to cause coherent phenomena, such as induced transparency, nonexponential decay and recurrences, and "above-threshold" ionization and dissociation processes, involving optical transitions within continua. 

MD simulations and experiments clearly show that the single particle motion of water molecules next to a protein surface is different than in the bulk. Here, single particle refers to measures of the average behavior of individual water molecules, as opposed to coherent behavior of collections of water molecules, which will be discussed in more detail below. The perturbation of the translational and rotational mobility of protein hydration water (defined using the 4 A distance criterion) is depicted in Fignre 16.1a and b, respectively. We will discuss the data for the native (N) state first, and snbsequently compare the native and MG states. In bulk water, after an initial rapid ( 2ps) rise corresponding to ballistic motion. 

These results have a coherent behavior in view of the fact that Suffolk is an expensive type of breed (observed in the initial investment) nevertheless, its high price is rewarded by its high carcass yield, having as a premise that the carcass sale is better paid in the market than on-the-hoof sale. 

A key concept in the equilibrium theory of multicomponent adsorption is the concept of coherence. Coherent behavior was assumed by most of the early workers, including Glueckauf, but the nature of this assumption appears to have been recognized only more recently by Helfferich. For a dilute equilibrium plug flow system the differential fluid phase mass balance [Eq. (9.1) may be written for each component in the form... 

Essentially, fluctuation theory provides us with the microscopic counterpart of the phenomena of instability and bifurcation. We discuss the static aspects of this problem in section 3, after surveying in section 2 the problems related to the modelling of the fluctuations. Section 4 is devoted to the origin of coherent behavior in nonequilibrium systems. Specifically, we study the spatial correlation function and show that, as soon as a system deviates from thermodynamic equilibrium, it generates spatial correlations of macroscopic range. This phenomenon, which has no deterministic analog, is further accentuated near bifurcation by the fact that the correlation length tends to infinity and order encompasses the entire system. In section 5 we survey the time-... 

In the preceding section it was tacitly assumed that macroscopic systems functioning away from phase transition points and dominated by short range intermolecular forces are, nevertheless, capable of presenting coherent behavior on a supermolecular space and time scale. In this section we comment on the origin of this coherence and, in particular, on the role of the nonlinearity and of the nonequilibrium constraints. Essentially, we want to understand how the system may deviate spontaneously from the completely random distribution of chemical species within the reaction volume described by Poissonian statistics. To this end we need to compu-te the spatial correlation function between two different spatial regions of volume SIT centered on points r and r ... 

The goal of this book is to present in a coherent way the problems of the laser control of matter at the atomic-molecular level, namely, control of the velocity distribution of atoms and molecules (saturation Doppler-free spectroscopy) control of the absolute velocity of atoms (laser cooling) control of the orientation, position, and direction of motion of atoms (laser trapping of atoms, and atom optics) control of the coherent behavior of ultracold (quantum) gases laser-induced photoassociation of cold atoms, photoselective ionization of atoms photoselective multiphoton dissociation of simple and polyatomic molecules (vibrationally or electronically excited) multiphoton photoionization and mass spectrometry of molecules and femtosecond coherent control of the photoionization of atoms and photodissociation of molecules. 

Chapter 5 emphasized the polyatomic nature of reaction dynamics. There we saw that it is not enough to ask about the reaction coordinate. During the motion on the potential energy surface the system can and does take large excursions from that path. Working in real time one can directly probe and demonstrate these more intricate dynamics. Here we discuss a simple example, but the very same coherent behavior is seen in more complex systems, including those of photobiological interest as discussed in Section 9.3.7. 

We know that living systems are the apogees of coordinate organization. This biological organization has been termed coherent behavior (Weiss, 1968) and embraces the view that life is characterized both by a structural order (e.g., macromolecules, membranes, cells) and a functional order maintained by the myriad number of coupled biochemical pathways (intermediary metabolism). 

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