Cogenerating plant steam from

Utility plants primarily employ reheat condensing turbines, whereas cogeneration plants and larger process industries that produce their own electrical power tend to employ extraction turbines. Both types of turbine rely on a surface condenser to receive exhaust steam from the LP turbine stage and condense it to liquid for reuse. 

Table III. Results of Energy Costing and Exergy Costing of Electricity and Steam from a Typical Cogenerating Plant.

Example 4.19 Energy dissipation in a cogeneration plant A cogeneration plant is using steam at 8200 kPa and 773.15K (see Figure 4.25). One-fourth of the steam is extracted at 700kPa from the turbine for cogeneration. 

Example 4.20 Energy dissipation in an actual cogeneration plant A cogeneration plant uses steam at 900 psia and 1000°F to produce power and process heat (see Figure 4.26). The steam flow rate from the boiler is 16 lb/s. The process requires steam at 70 psia at a rate of 3.2 lb/s supplied by the expanding steam in the turbine. The extracted steam is condensed and mixed with the water output of the condenser. The remaining steam expands from 70 psia to the condenser pressure of 3.2 psia. If the turbine operates with an efficiency of 80% and pumps with an efficiency of 85%, determine the work loss at each unit. 

Waste carpet typically contains large quantities of Nylon 6, which can be converted back into caprolactam. Recycling processes are described in U.S. 7,115,671, U.S. 6,111,099 (both to DSM B.V.), and U.S. 5,359,062 (to BASF). Determine the economics of recovering caprolactam from carpet waste if the waste is available at a cost of -30/metric ton (i.e., you are paid 30/ton to accept it). How does this compare to burning the waste carpet in an incinerator with a steam turbine cogeneration plant ... 

Enei y Conservation. Cogeneration of steam and power is usually an integral part of a Bayer plant, unless there is abundant low cost (usually hydroelectric) power available from an existing grid The cogeneration feature enables fuel efficiencies of >85% compared to ca 35% in pubUc utilities power plants where turbine exhaust steam is merely condensed and recycled rather than being used for process heating. 

Comparison of these figures shows that cogeneration plants using steam-based processes cannot supply the electricity requirements of the consumer on the basis of power-heat cogeneration. On the other hand, small condensation power plants on industrial sites are generally not competitive with the large installations of electricity supply companies. This follows from the decline in capacity of industry-based power stations in West Germany (Fig. 57), which is due entirely to the closure of condensation... 

Your company has technology for the production of MTBE. Your assignment is to provide management with a cost estimate for a 100,000 gallon per day MTBE plant in the Philadelphia tristate area. Your report should estimate the product prices necessary for annual production rates of 100,000, 70,000, and 50,000 gallons. You have a stream of butane available from an adjoining refinery and you have to purchase methanol from a nearby chemical plant. Steam can be purchased from a cogenerator. 

Maximise condensate recovery from various points in the plant—specifically from steam turbine condenser and process units (in cogeneration plants). 

The processes require both electrical and lliermal energy, steam and heat transfer media (HTM) as well as cold water for the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) in the case of spinning processes. The installation of a cogeneration plant can optimise the use of energy, but it affects the amoimt of gaseous emissions from the production site. 

BAT is to use, where possible, power and steam from cogeneration plants (see Section... 

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