Power plant condensers

J. M. O Coimor, T. C. Ginn, and G. V. Pase, The Evaluation and Description of a Power Plant Condenser Tube Simulator, Report No. 8-0248-956, New York University Medical Center, New York, 1977. 

Internal Cathodic Protection of a Power Plant Condenser Cooled by Seawater... 

Copper alloys are used extensively in power plant condensers, and as a result, copper can usually go into a corrosion product film or directly into solution as an ion or as a precipitate in the initial stages of condensation by tube corrosion. As corrosion products form and increase in thickness, the corrosion rate decreases until a steady state is achieved. Studies indicate that copper release is a function of flow rate more so than of the salt content of the makeup water. 

Equation (AO) may be applied to lake-cooled power plant condensers as well as feedwater heaters. For the condensers,... 

In practice, the vapor that is to be condensed sometimes contains noncondensible gases such as air. The presence of these noncondensible gases can significantly lower the heat transfer rate from that which would exist under the same circumstances with a pure vapor. A common example is the build-up of air in power plant condensers. These condensers usually operate at a substantial vacuum and some air entrainment is unavoidable. The continuous removal of air by specially designed ejector systems is essential to maintain the condenser vacuum and to maintain acceptable condensation rates. In some chemical plants, the separation of constituents is sometimes produced by condensing one gas from a mixture of gases and in such cases the presence of a noncondensible gas is unavoidable. 

The commercial importance of this metal was first recognized in 1950s when its high strength/density ratios were found attractive in aerospace applications. The corrosion resistance in a variety of conditions led to its use in wet chlorine gas coolers for chlor-alkali cells, chlorine and chlorine dioxide bleaching equipment in pulp/paper mills, and reactor interiors for pressure acid leaching of metallic ores. The metal and its alloys were used in seawater power plant condensers, with over 400 million feet installed in application.65,66 The most commonly used alloys and their composition are given in Table 4.48. 

T. Fujii, Research Problems for Improving the Performance of Power Plant Condensers, in J. Taborek, J. Rose and I. Tanasawa (eds.), Condensation and Condenser Design, ASME Press, pp. 487-498,1993. 

B. J. Davidson and M. Rowe, Simulation of Power Plant Condenser Performance by Computational Methods An Overview, in P. J. Marto and R. H. Nunn (eds), Power Condenser Heat Transfer Technology, pp. 17-49, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1981. 

K. K. Yau and C. Pouzenc, Computational Modeling of Power Plant Condenser Performance, Proc 3rd UK National Heat Transfer Conf, I Mech. E. Symp. Series 129,1, pp. 217-224,1992. 

C. Zhang, Numerical Modeling Using a Quasi-Three-Dimensional Procedure for Large Power Plant Condensers, 7. Heat Transfer, 116, pp. 180-188,1994. 

Corrosion Related Failures in Power Plant Condensers, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, Final Report NP 79-730, August 1980. 

The process is still used for power plant condensers that operate as virtual open systems... 

Sea-Cure is used in electric power plant condensers and feedwater heaters, and heat exchangers in the chemical, petrochemical, and refining applications. 

Figure 9-39. Flow diagram of a LO-CAT plant treating vent gas from a geothermal power plant condenser. (Henderson and Dorighi, 1989)...

Stress corrosion cracking. The 90-10 and 70-30 copper-nickels are resistant to chloride- and sulfide-induced SCC. Some copper-based alloys such as aluminum brass are subject to SCC in the presence of ammonia. In practice, this prevents their use in the air-removal section of power plant condensers. Copper-nickel alloys, however, are resistant to SCC and are commonly used in air-removal sections. 

RO membranes may be exposed to iron, copper, or nickel fouling if the power plant condensers and piping are built of low-quality materials. 

Which operating pressure in a power plant condenser will lead to higher cycle efficiency ... 

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