Lipid coffee

The failure to find an effect in the American trial above was confirmed in a study conducted in the Netherlands, which also used paper-filtered, drip-brewed coffee.14 In that 12-week experiment, 23 women and 22 men who habitually drank 4 to 6 cups of coffee per day were assigned to consume 5 cups/day of either caffeinated (417.5 mg caffeine/day) or decaffeinated coffee (15.5 mg caffeine/day) for six weeks, and then switch for another six weeks. The blend of coffee beans was 71% Arabica and 29% Robusta for the caffeinated coffee, and 58% Arabica and 42% Robusta for the decaffeinated coffee. Lipid values at the end of both six-week study periods were almost identical. Total cholesterol was 5.47 vs. 5.48 mmol/ L (212 vs. 212 mg/dL), LDL-C was 3.41 vs. 3.40 mmol/L (132 vs. 131 mg/ dL), HDL-C was 1.52 vs. 1.52 mmol/L (59 vs. 59 mg/dL), and TG were 1.17 vs. 1.20 mmol/L (104 vs. 106 mg/dL) for the caffeinated vs decaffeinated coffee periods, respectively. Further, a small study of 12 Finnish men also failed to find an effect of caffeinated coffee on serum cholesterol levels.15 However, the study period was only three weeks which may have been insufficient. 

CAOlO Ratnayake, W. M., G. Pelletier, R. Hollywood, S. Malcolm, and B. Stavric. Investigations of the effect of coffee lipids on serum cholesterol in hamsers. Food Chem Toxicol 1995 33(3) 195-201. 

Investigation of the effect of coffee lipids on serum cholesterol in hamsters. Food Chem Toxicol 1995 33(3) ... 

The aims of our investigation were to separete the most important classes of coffee lipids and to analyse their change during processing (roasting, storage and making coffee). 

One part of beans was stored in climat box at 40 and 100% relative humidity for 10 days to promote the degradation of coffee lipids. 

Ratnayake, W. M. N., Hollywood, R., O Grady, E., and Stavric, B., Lipid content and composition of coffee brews prepared by different methods, Food Chem. Toxicol., 31(4), 263, 1993. (CA119 27040a)... 

Coffee bean lipids include triglycerides, sterols, tocopherols, and diterpenes, all of which are mainly found in the coffee oils. The Np-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides are concentrated in the outer coating of coffee bean wax. 

A list of those lipids found in green and roasted coffees is given in Table 15. 

Hara, S., Okamoto, S., Totani, Y., Lipid constituents of coffee beans and their denaturation, Seikei Daigaku Kogakubu Kogaku Hokoku, 27, 1895, 1979. (CA91 18551u)... 

Finally, a recently published crossover study of coffee oil lipid extracts by Urgert et al.27 compared the effects of 60 mg/day of cafestol with a mixture of 60 mg/day of cafestol plus 50 mg/day of kahweol. These doses were comparable to consuming 10 to 20 cups of boiled Turkish or French-press coffee. In 10 healthy men, 18 days of cafestol alone resulted in significant increases in total cholesterol (0.79 mmol/L [31 mg/dL]), LDL-C (0.57 mmol/L [22 mg/dL]), and TG (0.65 mmol/L [58 mg/dL]), relative to baseline. Compared to cafestol alone, the cafestol/kahweol mixture resulted in additional increases in total cholesterol (0.23 mmol/L [9 mg/dL), LDL-C (0.23 mmol/L [9 mg/dL]), and TG (0.09 mmol/L [8... 

The full effect of changes in coffee consumption on serum cholesterol does not occur as quickly as it does to changes in dietary fat intake. Typically, when a stable high-saturated fat diet is replaced with a stable low-saturated fat diet, the maximum changes in serum lipid levels are achieved in two to four weeks.29 30 The serum lipid response to changes in coffee consumption does not appear to reach its full effect until after four weeks or more. 

Stensvold, I., Tverdal, A., Foss, O. P., The effect of coffee on blood lipids and blood pressure Results from a Norwegian cross-sectional study, men and women, 40-42 years, J Clin Epidemiol., 42, 877, 1989... 

Forde, O. H., Knutsen, S.F., Arnesen, E., Thelle, D. S., The Tromso heart study Coffee consumption and serum lipid concentrations in men with hypercholesterolemia A randomized intervention study, BrMedJ, 290, 893, 1985... 

Urgert, R., Essed, N., van der Weg, G., Kosmeijer-Schuil, T. G., Katan, M. B., Separate effects of the coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol on serum lipids and liver aminotransferases, Am J Clin Nutr, 65, 519, 1997... 

Chronic use of large amounts of caffeine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, this finding is debated because statistically adjusting for other risk factors shows a minimized added risk for caffeine (Grobbee et al. 1990). Nonetheless, a lipid fraction of boiled coffee dose-dependently elevates cholesterol and low density lipoproteins, which is prevented by the filtered preparation of coffee (Pirich et al. 1993). Another potential influence on cardiovascular disease is an elevation of homocysteine levels, which also occurs in drinkers of filtered coffee (Nyg rd et al. 1997). Genotoxicity... 

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