Cochlodinium

Cochlodinium resembles photosynthetic Gyrodinium species but has greater girdle torsion (1.5 or more turns around the body). Several species have been circumstantially linked to fish kills, e.g. C.caten-atum, C polykrikoides (= heterolob urn) but toxins have not been extr -... 

Another report in 2003 described the isolation and characterization of bacillamide (87) from a marine bacterium Bacillus sp. SY-1 [105]. This indole-containing alkaloid interestingly has both algicidal activity and potent activity against the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykiroidcs... 

Kudela, R. M., Ryan,J. P., Blakely, M. D., Lane,J. Q., Peterson, T. D. (2008). Linking the physiology and ecology of Cochlodinium to better understand harmful algal bloom events A comparative approach. Harmful Algae 7, 278-292. 

Bacillamide 351 produced by Bacillus sp. SY-1, a marine bacterium, was shown to be a potent algaecide against dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, which is responsible for large-scale red tides and mass mortalities of cultured fish and bivalves <2003TL8005>. 

Examples of sulphated PS with anti-HIV activity also included sulphated a-D(l—>3)-linked mannans from Nothogenia fastigiata [24], from Schizymenia dubyi [25], anti-HIV PS from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus [26] and from the marine microalga Cochlodinium polykrikoides [27]. Sulphated PS displaying antiviral activities against HIV-1 and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) were also isolated from marine Pseudomonas and Dinoflagellata [28]. 

Bacillamide. Okada and co-workers reported the isolation and characterization of a new algicide with activity against the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykiroides from a marine bacterium Bacillus sp SY-1. The authors utilized long-range HMBC data in assembling the structure of the bacillamide (42). 

Hasui, M. Matsuda, M. Okutani, K. Shigeta, S. In Vitro Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from a Marine Microalga (Cochlodinium polykrikoides) Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Enveloped Viruses. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1995, 17, 293-297. 

Suzuki, T. et al. LC-MS/MS analysis of lipophilic toxins in Japanese Dinophysis species, in Review of selected harmful algae in the PICES region II. Dinophysis and Cochlodinium. Workshop 4, XVPICES Annual Meeting, Yokohama, Japan, October 2006, 2006. 

Antarctic cyanobacterium Nostoc CCC 537 acts as an antibacterial against S. typhi MTCC 3216, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 2822 (Asthana et al., 2009). Extracellular sulphated polysaccharides A1 and A2 isolated and purified from Cochlodinium polykrikoides marine microalgae (Hasui et al., 1995) inhibit the cytopathic effects of influenza virus types A and B grown on MDCK cells. 

HASUi M, MATSUDA M, OKUTANi K and SHiGETA s (1995), In vitro antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides from a marine microalga (Cochlodinium olykrikoides) against human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses , Int J Biol Macromol, 17,293-297. 

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