Cocaine intoxication from

The cardiac effects of intracoronary infusion of cocaine have been studied in dogs and humans (42). The procedure can be performed safely and does not alter coronary arterial blood flow. The effects of direct intracoronary infusion of cocaine on left ventricle systolic and diastolic performance have been studied in 20 patients referred for cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain. They were given saline or cocaine hydrochloride (1 mg/minute) in 15-minute intracoronary infusions, and cardiac measurements were made during the final 2-3 minutes of each infusion. The blood cocaine concentration obtained from the coronary sinus was 3.0 pg/ml, which is similar in magnitude to the blood-cocaine concentration reported in abusers who die of cocaine intoxication. Minimal systemic effects were produced. The overall results were that cocaine caused measurable deterioration of left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance. 

Caballero F, Lopez-Navidad A, Gomez M, Sola R. Successful transplantation of organs from a donor who died from acute cocaine intoxication. Clin Transplant... 

About 60-75% of chronic cocaine abusers report severe headaches (93), which can resemble migraine migrainelike symptoms can include auras, visual field changes, and paraphasia (94). About 60-75% of chronic cocaine abusers report severe headaches (93,94). Of 21 patients who were admitted to hospital from January 1985 to December 1988 for acute headache associated with cocaine intoxication 15 had headaches with migrainous features in the absence of neurological or systemic complications (93). None had a history of cocaine-unrelated headaches or a family history of migraine, and all had a... 

Drug intoxication from cocaine, procainamide, or quinidine. 

In addition to the acute intoxicating effects and the chronic reverse tolerance effects of cocaine, all of which are mediated by increasing dopamine levels due to its release from dopamine synapses, there are also longer-term effects of cocaine, possibly due to other, more traditional desensitization types of adaptations of dopamine receptors. As abusers use cocaine for longer and longer periods of time, their dopamine receptors become desensitized (down-regulated) as they adapt to chronic... 

FIGURE 13—5. Production of reverse tolerance in a cocaine abuser. Repeated intoxication with cocaine may produce complex adaptations of the dopamine neuronal system, such as sensitization or reverse tolerance. Thus, in repeat users, cocaine releases more and more dopamine. In such cases doses of cocaine that previously only induced euphoria can create an acute paranoid psychosis virtually indistinguishable from paranoid schizophrenia. 

WWW. emcdda.eu.int, Intoxications with cocaine adulterated with atropine in four EU Member States. Information from the EMCDDA and REITOX Early Warning System (Nov./Dec. 2004 - Feb. 2005)... 

An increase in the number of deaths of all body packers in New York has been associated with an increase in deaths among opiate body packers of 50 deaths among body packers from 1990 to 2001, 42 were due to opiates (260). Four were related to cocaine and four to both opiates and cocaine. In 37 cases open or leaking drug packets in the gastrointestinal tract resulted in acute intoxication and death. Five cases involved intestinal obstruction or perforation, one a gunshot wound, one an intracerebral hemorrhage due to hypertensive disease,... 

There are many pharmaceutical products widely used in medicine and dentistry that contain phenol, sometimes in fairly high concentrations. Bonain s local anesthetic mixture, combining menthol, cocaine and phenol, is well known, and is used, for example, as an intranasal analgesic treatment for certain facial pains. Other products containing phenol include hemorrhoid creams, chilblain solutions, ear drops or wax remover drops, psoriasis treatments, and mouth sprays with phenol in concentrations ranging from 3 mg/ml to 50 mg/g. Applying these products locally introduces only a small quantity of phenol into the organism at well-spaced intervals, and does not appear to cause intoxication. 

Petroff and co-workers reported a quantitative analysis of the H NMR spectra of six CSF samples from three patients. TTiese included a 34-year-otd man presenting with seizures several hours after injecting heroin and cocaine while intoxicated with alcohol, and a 7-month-old girl who presented as a febrile, cyanotic hypotensive in a coma. The H NMR spectrum of the CSF of the drug overdose victim showed clear and abnormally elevated signals for citrate, myo-inositol, creatinine/creatine and lactate. 

Psychedelic Agent 3 (BZ), 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, also known as agent buzz, is a potent psychoactive chemical that affects the central nervons system as well as the drcnlatory, digestion, salivation, sweating, and vision systems. Those exposed experience hallncinations, and it acts as a sedative. The experience is much the same as that encountered by the narcotics amphetamines and cocaine. Three to four days after exposure, full recovery is expected from BZ intoxication. The TLV-TWA for BZ is 0.004 mg/m and the general popnlation limits are 0.0001 mg/m BZ has an ICtjo value of 101 mg-min/m (15 1/min) and an estimated LCt5o of 200,000 mg-min/m. ... 

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