Cobaltate -, rubidium

Robertson [ 57 ] has measured the adsorption of zinc, caesium, strontium, antimony, indium, iron, silver, copper, cobalt, rubidium, scandium, and uranium onto glass and polyethylene containers. Radioactive forms of these elements were added to samples of seawater, the samples were adjusted to the original pH of 8.0, and aliquots were poured into polyethylene bottles, Pyrex-glass bottles and polyethylene bottles contained 1 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid to bring the pH to about 1.5. Adsorption on the containers was observed for storage periods of up to 75 d with the use of a Nal(Tl) well crystal. Negligible adsorption on all containers was registered for zinc, caesium, strontium, and... 

Kharkar DP, Turekian KK, Bertine KK. 1968. Stream supply of dissolved silver, molybdenum, antimony, selenium, chromium, cobalt, rubidium and cesium to the oceans. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 32 285-298. 

Silver, Molybdenum, Antimony, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt, Rubidium and Cesium to the Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (1968) 32, 285. 

Rubidium metal alloys with the other alkaU metals, the alkaline-earth metals, antimony, bismuth, gold, and mercury. Rubidium forms double haUde salts with antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, thorium, and 2iac. These complexes are generally water iasoluble and not hygroscopic. The soluble mbidium compounds are acetate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, formate, hydroxide, iodide. 

Roseocobalt — see Cobalt, aquapentaammine-Roseopentaammine —see Aquapentaammine Roussin s black, 4, 1191 Roussin s red, 4, 1191 Roussin s salts, 4,240, 1243 Rubber vulcanization zinc complexes in, 5, 998 Rubeanic acid — see Dithiooxamid Rubidium complexes... 

VIOLET Potassium compounds other than silicates, phosphates and borates rubidium and cesium are similar. Color is masked by lithium and/or sodium, appears purple-red through cobalt glass and bluish-green glass. 

Antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, indium, iridium, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, nickel, palladium, platinum, potassium, rhodium, rubidium, ruthenium, selenium, silver, sodium, tellurium, thallium, zinc... 

Calcium, 3922 Cerium, 3961 Chromium, 4222 Cobalt, 4199 Europium, 4292 Hafnium, 4599 Iridium, 4643 Iron, 4388 Lead, 4882 Manganese, 4700 Nickel, 4820 Palladium, 4885 Platinum, 4887 Plutonium, 4888 Rhodium, 4892 Rubidium, 4889 Strontium, 4913 Tantalum, 4914 Technetium, 4915 Thorium, 4917 Titanium, 4919 Tungsten, 4925 Uranium, 4923 Vanadium, 4924 Zinc, 4927 Zirconium, 4928... 

As shown in Table 11.1, hydrothermal emissions are a major source of soluble iron, manganese, and zinc and a minor source of aluminum, cobalt, copper, and lead. Other elements with significant hydrothermal inputs include lithium, rubidium, cesium, and potassium. Considerable uncertainty also surroimds these flux estimates because they are the result of extrapolations from measurements made at a small number of hydrothermal systems at single points in time. These fluxes appear to vary significantly over short time scales as tectonic activity abruptly opens and closes cracks in the oceanic crust. 

Rubidium cobalt sulfate (Rb SO CoSO 6HjO) is an example of several double sulfates that rubidium has the ability to form. Rubidium cobalt sulfate is a combined rubidium-cobalt compound in the form of ruby-red crystals. Other rubidium sulfate crystal compounds and their colors are rubidium + copper = white rubidium + iron = dark green and rubidium + magnesium = colorless. 

The new chemistry is based on a Sr-90/Y-90 separation using a-hydroxyisobutyric acid (a-HIB) and cation exchange chromatography (5). Once the activities are loaded onto the column, the steps to prepare the column for the a-HIB elution remove several of the possibile contaminants including rubidium and cobalt. Finally, the a-HIB elution also removes a wide range of other elements as well, leaving strontium on the ion exchange column (6). 

The 0.5 M NH Cl wash of the ion exchange column is a good decontamination step for rubidium radioisotopes and also removes some cobalt and vanadium. Often, the ammonium chloride and the a-HIB solutions appear blue-green which probably results from massive amounts of copper from the target packaging. Both of these column... 

The solubility of sodium chloride in aq. acetone at 20° falls to 27"18 with 10 c.c. of acetone per 100 c.c. of solvent to 0 25 with 90 c.c. of acetone per 100 c.c. of solvent at 0°, 100 grms. of acetone dissolve 4"6 grms. of lithium chloride, and at 58°, 214 grms., so that the solubility is diminished by a rise of temp. The solubility of potassium in aq. soln. of acetone increases from almost zero with 100 per cent, acetone at 20° to 8"46 with 50 per cent, acetone and to 21 "38 with 20 per cent, acetone. At 30°, 100 grms. of a soln. with 696 per cent, acetone carries 23 42 per cent, potassium chloride and the remainder is water 8"06 per cent, of this salt is present in a soln. with 45 98 per cent, acetone and 0-13 per cent, of this salt in a soln. with 89"88 per cent, of acetone. At 40°, a soln. with 15"75 per cent, acetone carries 21 "28 per cent, of potassium chloride and with 79"34 per cent, of acetone there is 0"58 per cent, of potassium chloride. At 40°, therefore, for cone, of acetone between 20 and 80 per cent., the sat. soln. separates into two layers the upper layer has 55 2 per cent, water, 31 "82 acetone, and 12"99 KC1, when the lower layer has 28"14 per cent, water, 69 42 acetone, and 2"44 KC1. Similarly, when the upper layer has water, acetone, and potassium chloride in the respective ratio 46 49, 45"34, and 8 17 the lower layer has 38 68, 56"17, and 5 25. The separation into two layers with sat. soln. of potassium chloride containing 26 per cent, acetone, occurs at 46"5° and the temp, of separation with other proportions of acetone is indicated in Fig. 22. C. E. Linebarger (1892) and J. E. Snell (1898) 34 found the phenomenon also occurs with the chlorides of lithium, ammonium, sodium, rubidium, calcium, strontium, cobalt, and many other radicles also with bromides, sulphates, cyanides, and numerous other salts with aq. acetone,... 

The tetrafluorocobaltates of the alkali metals show12 considerable differences in their reactions with benzene. Lithium tetrafluorocobaltate(III) at 100-130 C gives 3,3,6,6-tetra-fluorocyclohexa-1,4-diene (13) of over 90% purity. This compound has long been postulated1,549 as a major intermediate in the fluorination with cobalt(III) fluoride. The sodium, potassium, and rubidium salts give similar product mixtures (ca. 8 compounds), most being polyfluoroenes (e.g. 14, 8% 15, 12% 16, 35%). 

Carnallite, KCl-MgCh-6H20.—A similar salt is to be expected with ammonium, rubidium, or cesium replacing potassium, zinc, cadmium, iron, nickel, cobalt, or stannous tin, replacing magnesium and bromine and occasionally iodine replacing chlorine. Many of these are known but not all. (Mellor, II, 430.)... 

Mohr s Salt, (NH iSOi-FeSOi-QHzO.—Similar salts are formed with potassium, rubidium, and cesium, replacing ammonium, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, nickel, and manganese, replacing iron. 

Arsenic triiodide also dissolves, the saturated solution at 15° C. having density 3-661. Other soluble halides are potassium bromide, anhydrous ferric and aluminium chlorides 6 and tetramethyl ammonium iodide but the iodides of rubidium, cadmium, manganese and cobalt, also mercuric and stannic iodides, and cobalt and stannic bromides, are insoluble or only very slightly soluble in arsenic tribromide. The liquid also dissolves phosphoryl bromide and, very slightly, ammonium thiocyanate. In the mixed solutions of halides, the components may react chemically (cf. p. 106), but such is not always the case for example, with antimony tribromide a continuous series of solid solutions is formed.7... 

The radionuclides commercially available and most commonly used for a number of the foregoing applications include anhmony-125 banum-133, 207 bismuth-207 bromine-82 cadmium-109, 115 m calcium-45 carbon-14 cerium-141 cesium-134, 137 chlorine-36 chromium-51 cobalt-57, 58, 60 copper-64 gadolimum-153 germanium-68 gold-195. 198 hydrogen-3 (tritium) indium-111, 114 m iodine-125, 129, 131 iron-55, 59 krypton-85 manganese-54 mercury-203 molvbdenum-99 nickel-63 phosphorus-32. 33 potassium-42 promethium-147 rubidium-86 ruthenium-103 samarium-151 scandium-46 selenium-75 silver-110 m sodium-22, strontium-85 sulfur-35 technetium-99 thallium-204 thulium-171 tin-113, 119 m, 121 m. titamum-44 ytterbium-169, and zinc-65. 

A. Rosenheim and I. Koppel prepared yellow rubidium cobaltic hexanitrite,... 

Salt. When compared on a molar basis, the mineral ion salts (ammonium, calcium, rubidium, copper, silver, lead, manganese, cobalt, potassium, and sodium, and cyclohexylamine salt) were as effective as the free gibberellic acid in promoting stem elongation (10,14). As shown in Figure 1, the potassium and zinc salts of A3 were as active as the acid in promoting the growth of d-1 dwarf maize. 

Aluminium, 0048 Antimony, 4901 Barium, 0200 Beryllium, 0220 Bismuth, 0226 Cadmium, 3943 Caesium, 4248 Calcium, 3916 Cerium, 3955 Chromium, 4216 Cobalt, 4193 Copper, 4261 Europium, 4286 Gallium, 4400 Germanium, 4406 Gold, 0110 Hafnium, 4594 Indium, 3579 Iridium, 4638 Lanthanum, 4672 Lead, 4876 Lithium, 4675 Magnesium, 4685 Manganese, 4695 Mercury, 4595 Molybdenum, 4707 Neodymium, 4813 Nickel, 4814 Niobium, 4811 Osmium, 4867 Palladium, 4879 Platinum, 4881 Plutonium, 4882 Potassium, 4640 Praseodymium, 4880 Rhenium, 4884 Rhodium, 4886 Rubidium, 4883 Ruthenium, 4888... 

A method has been published for the determination of a variety of metals in diluted blood and serum using inductively coupled plasma atomization with mass spectrometric detection.3 Blood was diluted tenfold and serum fivefold with a solution containing ammonia, Triton X-100 surfactant, and EDTA. Detection limits adequate for measurement in blood or serum were found for cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, rubidium, and zinc. 

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