Coated regions

Receptor-mediated uptake of LDL by human skin fibroblasts. Specific LDL receptors are located in coated regions of the plasma membrane. LDL binding results in uptake by endocytosis and formation of a coated vesicle. This vesicle fuses with a lysosome containing many hydrolytic enzymes that degrade the lipoprotein, releasing cholesterol. 

Electron micrograph of LDL particles (made electron-dense with covalently bound ferritin) bound to coated regions of a human skin fibroblast (97,000 X ). (From R. G. W. Anderson, M. S. Brown, and J. L. Goldstein, Role of the coated and endocytic vesicle in the uptake of receptor-bound low-density lipoprotein in human fibroblasts. Cell 10 351, 1977. Cell Press.)... 

It was also observed that the decrease in total blood radioactivity with time is primarily due to loss of radioactivity from the buffy coat region. 

The term T o = is the free energy of a coat region with > k... 

LDL have bound to LDL receptors. The coated region surrounding the bound receptor, referred to as a coated pit, pinches off and becomes a coated vesicle. Subsequently, uncoated vesicles are formed as clathrin depolymerizes. Before uncoated vesicles fuse with lysosomes, LDL are uncoupled from LDL receptors as the pH changes from 7 to 5. (This change is created by ATP-driven proton pumps in the vesicle membrane.) LDL receptors are recycled to the plasma membrane, and LDL-containing vesicles fuse with lysosomes. Subsequently, LDL proteins are degraded to amino acids, and cholesteryl esters are hydrolyzed to cholesterol and fatty acids. 

Our design is capable of speeds well below and above 30 cm/min. Similarly, reported fiber residence times vary over a wide range, that is, 6-1800 s. A typical value of 60 s is reasonable as a design reference. These values are consistent with an active coating region (length) of about 30 cm. 

Top spray. In the top spray system, the coating material is sprayed downward on to the fluid bed such that as the solid or porous particles move to the coating region, they become encapsulated. Top spray fluid-bed coaters produce higher yields of encapsulated particles than either bottom or tangential sprays. 

FIGURE 6-9 Schematic representations of the progression of oxidation in a crack/matrix/fiber coating region shown in the elliptical region in Figure 6-8. Source Luthra, 1997b. 

Khademhossdni et aJ. used the layer-by-layer deposition of ionic biopolymers for patterning cellular cocultures. Nonbiofouling hyaltuonic acid (HA) was first micropattemed on the substrate and fibronectin (FN) was deposited on the exposed substrate. The first cdl type was seeded and allowed to adhere to the FN-coated regions. Subsequent ionic adsorption of poly-L-lysine (PLL) to HA patterns was used to switch the HA patterns from cdl repulsive to cell adherent, thereby fadlitating the adhesion of a second cdl type. This approach was used to pattern cocultures of hepatocytes or embryonic stem (ES) cdls... 

Fijf. 9. Cross-section of B and SiC composite monofilaments produced by chemical vapour deposition, showing the concentric core, interface, mantle and coating regions. 

Moreover, bare metal under delaminated coating regions may not be detected under all circumstances, especially if the coating resistivity over the delaminated area and dielectric constant are identical to those in regions where the coating is not delaminated. The hypothetical relationship between and open defect area is shown in Fig. 13 [752]. No ASTM standard currently exists for conducting impedance measurements on coated metals. 

Cell Adhesion end Detachment, Figure 7 Blomolecule release within a microfluldic device using PNIPAM films and microtabricated heaters (a). The release of fluorescently labeled protein from a PNIPAM-coated region within the device when the heaters are turned off and the temperature falls below 37° C(b). From [10]... 

This equation provides a rough measure of the estimated change in the defect area provided that decreases in p with electrolyte uptake are offset by increases in e with water ingress. Under such circmnstances, the ratio A /A remains constant In this case, increases hi/bpt occur mainly as a result of the increases in the defective area. However, circumstances may exist where small increases in s and very large decrease in p occur, so that/bpt does not relate linearly to the defect area. Moreover, naked metal under delaminated coating regions may not be detected in all circumstances. 

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