Cellular pattern

Novel photoinitiated mechanisms of polymerization have also been developed to pattern cellular behavior within bulk hydrogel constmcts. For example, a sequential cross-linking technique was used to pattern MSG spreading within adhesive and enzymatically degradable HA... 

Khademhossdni et aJ. used the layer-by-layer deposition of ionic biopolymers for patterning cellular cocultures. Nonbiofouling hyaltuonic acid (HA) was first micropattemed on the substrate and fibronectin (FN) was deposited on the exposed substrate. The first cdl type was seeded and allowed to adhere to the FN-coated regions. Subsequent ionic adsorption of poly-L-lysine (PLL) to HA patterns was used to switch the HA patterns from cdl repulsive to cell adherent, thereby fadlitating the adhesion of a second cdl type. This approach was used to pattern cocultures of hepatocytes or embryonic stem (ES) cdls... 

Histologically, NSIP can be categorized into one of three patterns cellular, fibrotic, or mixed. The hallmark of NSIP is homogeneity of the cellular of fibrosing process with gradual transition from normal lung anatomy to severe involvement (Fig. 2) (15). 

Mixed pattern Cellular bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis with inflammatory polyps, cicatricial bronchiolitis Respiratory and membranous bronchioles... 

Kaji, H., Kawashima, T., Nishizawa, M. Patterning cellular motility using an electrochemical technique and a geometrically confined environment Langmuir 2006, 22,10784-10787. 

Toth A, Lagzi I and Florvath D 1996 Pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems cellular acidity fronts J. Rhys. Chem. 100 14 837-9... 

FIG. IS Series of snapshot configurations obtained using lattices of side L = 1024 during the stationary regime of the HS model. (A) Cellular structures, (B) target patterns, (C) double spirals and (D) turbulence. (From Ref. 15.)... 

Proteins are a diverse and abundant class of biomolecules, constituting more than 50% of the dry weight of cells. This diversity and abundance reflect the central role of proteins in virtually all aspects of cell structure and function. An extraordinary diversity of cellular activity is possible only because of the versatility inherent in proteins, each of which is specifically tailored to its biological role. The pattern by which each is tailored resides within the genetic information of cells, encoded in a specific sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA. 

The more or less regular pattern of pores imposes a cellular structure on the film, with the cells approximating in plan to hexagons, each with a central pore, while the bases which form the barrier-layer, are rounded. The metal surface underlying the film, therefore, consists of a close-packed regular array of nearly hemispherical depressions which increase in size with the anodising voltage. The thickness of the individual cell walls is approximately equal to that of the barrier-layer... 

Richards, et. al. s idea is to use a genetic algorithm to search through a space of a certain class of cellular automata rules for a local rule that best reproduces the observed behavior of the data. Their learning algorithm (which was applied specifically to sequential patterns of dendrites formed by NH4 Br as it solidifies from a supersaturated solution) starts with no a-priori knowledge about the physical system. R, instead, builds increasingly sophisticated models that reproduce the observed behavior. 

To set up the problem and in order to appreciate more fully the difficulty in quantifying complexity, consider figure 12.1. The figure shows three patterns (a) an area of a regular two-dimensional Euclidean lattice, (b) a space-time view of the evolution of the nearest-neighbor one-dimensional cellular automata rule RllO, starting from a random initial state,f and (c) a completely random collection of dots. 

CellMaster, by Sintar Software, is an excellent menu-driven CA program for IBM compatibles [cellmQO], It provides for up to a 320 x 240 cellular space, comes with a large number of predefined rules and sets of initial patterns, and is programmable. 

Ii89] Li, W., Complex patterns generated by next nearest neighbor cellular automata, Computers and Graphics 13 (1989). 

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