Coalite process

The passing of the Clean Air Act in the United Kingdom in 1956 resulted in a revival of interest in low temperature carbonization to produce a very reactive coke suitable for open fires. In the Coalite process, the coal is heated at 600—650°C for 4 h in small retorts each holding 6—7 metric tons (5). The Rexco process employed large internally heated retorts in which charges of 34 metric tons were heated to 700—750°C for 6 h, but is no longer in operation in the United Kingdom (6). 

Abundant byproducts of the Coalite process were also low temperature tars, containing cresylic acids (cresols the products were referred to as meta cresol and cresylic acid). With the sudden increase in the price of phenol around 1937, and further rises in 1938, both as a result of demand from the plastics industry (despite a general downturn in trade), it was suggested that Low Temperature Carbonisation Ltd. investigate catalysts suited to condensations of cresylic acids (as an alternative to phenol) with formaldehyde. Certainly there was a greater dependence in Britain on cresylics than was the case in the United States, because of their availability from coal-based processes. In the meantime Monsanto, which manufactured coal tar cresols (as did Yorkshire Tar Distillers), was considering the erection of a second British synthetic phenol plant. 

Checks gossip/rumour. Is aware of others viewpoints Uses coalition, knows how Ihe formal processes work... 

Uses coalition, knows how the formal processes work Non-defensive, learns Irom mistakes, rellecls on events... 

Lovern E. 2001. Minding hospitals business Purchasing coalition pushes hospitals to improve patient safety through process measures, but industry says standards are too expensive. Mod Healthcare 31 30. 

PBMs are also characterized by a series of relationships among many stakeholders payers, providers, consumers, and pharmaceutical companies. Payers include employers, employer coalitions, insurers, managed care organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid. Typically, they pay the net prescription cost and a per claim or transaction fee to the PBM for claim processing. Money and information flow back to the payers in the form of rebates and a variety of utilization reports. 

Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES) Principles (CERES, 1989) includes ten principles for voluntary organizational endorsement, the purpose of which is to not only formalize their dedication to environmental awareness and accountability, but also actively commit to an ongoing process of continuous improvement, dialogue and comprehensive, systematic public reporting. These are one of the oldest sets of principles and were originally named the Valdez Principles (CERES, 1989). 

Given the high prevalence of psychiatric illness and specialized expertise required for successful pharmacy practice, it makes sense that psychiatric pharmacy has become one of the five specialty practice areas certified by the U.S. Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties. As of December 2001, there were 387 certified psychiatric pharmacy specialists."" The certification process started in 1990, when a coalition of educators and practitioners identified a need to define the specialized knowledge and skills required to function as a competent psychiatric pharmacy specialist.The coalition s petition was sponsored by the ASHP and the first examination took place in December 1996. 

Some of these aspects are investigated in literature-. The work of [1012] primarily focuses on case transfer and an extended variant thereof. In [1013], the same author discusses loosely coupled processes. The interaction paradigms process chaining and subcontracting are supported by the standards defined by the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC [803]). In addition, subcontracting was introduced as early as 1987 by the Istar system [641] into the software engineering domain. 

Workflow Management Coalition Workflow process definition interface -XML process definition language (XPDL), version 1.0 (2002),... 

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