Co-cultivation

Gueven N, Glatthaar B, Manke HG, Haemmerle H (1996) Co-cultivation of rat pneumocytes and bovine endothelial cells on a liquid-air interface. Eur Respir J 9 968-975... 

Fig. 5. The primary hepatocytes are co-cultivated with non-parenchymal cells between two layers of extracellular matrix. Medium and cells are oxygenated in the incubator across the gaspermeable membrane...

Recently, a new approach has been reported that may offer co-culture a chance to be clinical applicable. Kawada et al. described a co-cultivation of stromal and hematopoietic cells separated by a porous membrane that enables a di-... 

The cultivation of isolated stem and progenitor cells has some distinct advantages like its simplicity, clinical applicability and the possibility to use standard cell culture techniques, but the expansion of the early progenitor cells shown in different clinical studies was rather low. The use of stromal-conditioned medium promises better expansion and lower costs due to the reduced need for exogenous cytokine supplementation, but the culture medium is chemically undefined, which will render reproducibility more difficult and complicate the clinical permission. Co-cultivation of stromal and hematopoietic cells results in the best expansion of early progenitor cells, but, as nearly all stromal cell lines are of murine origin, a cHnical appHcation of this approach is hardly possible. Membrane-separated co-cultivation may offer a possibility to avoid this disadvantage. 

What can be expected from the future The cultivation of isolated hematopoietic cells will benefit from the identification of new cytokines, making the use of stromal-conditioned medium unnecessary. The recent development of proteomics techniques will expediate this process. The prospects of the co-cultivation will depend on the development of human stromal cell lines supporting the expansion of early progenitor cells, and the membrane approach has to prove its potential on a clinical scale. 

Activation by co-cultivation with X-irradiated primary rat hepatocytes Growth of V79 (T2-14) 6-thioguanine-resistant cells... 

Co-cultivate overnight about 2 X 10 s cells of each type in 4 ml medium. 

The chimeric tissue problem has been solved by co-cultivating plant protoplasts with A. tumefaciens (Figure 14), then treating these protoplast suspensions with an antibiotic that selectively kills the A. tumefaciens. The protoplasts are plated onto a nurse layer of tobacco cells which feed the individual protoplasts and aid them in regenerating into pure colonies. The colonies ultimately form callus, and this allows for the production of pure cultures of transformed cells. These cultures can then be regenerated into plants. 

Figure 14. Co-cultivation procedure for transformation of plant protoplasts by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

A range of assay techniques are available for the detection of mycoplasma contamination. These include staining, culture, DNA probes and co-cultivation. To... 

Hepatocytes growing in microcarrier systems are used for the study of liver failure and drug metabolism. Transplantation experiments of hepatocytes grown on microcarriers showed detoxification of ammonium and reduction of bilirubin concentrations after induced acute liver failure (Nagaki et aL, 1990). Furthermore, co-cultivation assays using hepatocytes and Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts as target cells have been applied to analyse the metabolism-mediated toxicity of xenobiotics in vitro (Voss Seibert, 1992). 

Other examples for the successful employment of co-cultures are the interaction between muscle and nerve cells (Shahar et aL, 1985) and the co-cultivation of vascular endothelial and smooth-muscle cells using microcarrier techniques (Davies Kerr, 1982) co-cultivation of cerebellar granule cells, cerebral cortical neurons and cortical astrocytes on collagen-coated dextran beads (CytodexS) and the production and release of specific neurotransmitters and enzyme synthesis resembling in vivo interactions between neurons and astrocytes (Westergaard et aL, 1991). 

Davies PF Kerr C (1982) Co-cultivation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells using microcarrier techniques. Experimental Cell Research 141 455-459. 

Axenic culture A culture without foreign or undesired life forms. An axenic culture may include the purposeful co-cultivation of different types of cells, tissues or organisms. 

Abe S, Sasaki M. 1982. Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by indirect mutagens/carcinogens in cultured rat hepatoma and esophageal tumor cells and in Chinese hamster Don cells co-cultivated with rat cells. Mutat Res 93 409-418. 

For growth by photosynthetically oxidizing ferrous ion, co-cultivation with bacterium is necessary which seems to be Geospirillum sp. Light is necessary JThis bacterium also oxidizes hydrogen gas and sulfide with nitrate, and hydrogen gas with thiosulfate... 

Van der Putten et al. (14) and Rubenstein et al. (10) have infected pre-implantation mouse embryos with recombinant replication-incompetent retrovirus without the use of helper virus. 197 denuded 8-cell stages cultivated over psi-2 monolayers for 16 hours and subsequently transferred to foster mothers gave rise to one animal which had incorporated the recombinant provirus including the foreign gene and transmitted it to its offspring (14). Rubenstein et al. (10) co-cultivated 278 4-cell-stage mouse embryos over psi-2 cells and obtained 76 (30%) live fetuses after transfer, of which one contained the recombinant provirus. 

Mathys S, Meile L, Lacroix C. Co-cultivation of a bacteriocin-producing mixed culture of Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67 and Pediococcus acidilactici UVAl isolated from baby faeces. / Appl Microbiol. 2009 107(1) 36—46. 

Plant transformation Wild type (WT) A. thaliana plants of ecotype Columbia were transformed in planta by wound inoculation (5) with a suspension of A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 bearing helper nopaline plasmid pMP90 and binary vector p5XC7-7 /pRD400. B. napus cv. Hero (high erucic acid variety) was transformed by co-cultivation of hypocotyl explants using modifications of a published protocol (6). 

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