Clostridium botulinum detection

The detection of flu viruses via a fluorescent sandwich immunoassay was reported by Bucher.(10) However, the method sensitivity was too low for direct detection of the virus. A novel sandwich immunoassay was described by Ogcr((lff7 for the detection of Botulinum Toxin A. Antibodies specific for Clostridium botulinum were covalently attached to the surface of a tapered fiber. After the capture of the antigen, a sandwich was formed with a rhodamine-labeled anti-toxin IgG, and the evanescent wave was measured. The assay was highly specific with detection limits near 5 ppb. 

Fach, P., Perelle, S., Dilasser, F., Grout, J., Dargaignaratz, C., Botella, L., Gourreau, J.-M., Carlin, F., Popoff, M.R. and Broussolle, V., Detection by PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of Clostridium botulinum in fish and environmental samples from a coastal area in Northern France, Appl. Em. Microbiol., 68, 5870-5876, 2002. 

Nevas, M., Hielm, S., Lindstrom, M., Horn, H., Koivulehto, K. and Korkeala, H., High prevalence of Clostridium botulinum types A and B in honey samples detected by polymerase chain reaction, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 72, 45-52, 2002. 

Ogert, R. A., Brown, J. E., Singh, B. R., Shriver-Lake, L. C., and Ligler, F. S. (1992). Detection of Clostridium botulinum toxin A using a fiber optic-based biosensor. Ami. Biochem. 205, 306-312. 

Reddy, D., Lancaster, J. R., Jr., and Comforth, D. P. (1983). Nitrite inhibition of Clostridium botulinum Electron spin resonance detection of iron-nitric oxide complexes. Science 221, 769-770. 

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin, the most effective toxin known to date, with a mice lethal dose of about 50 pg/mL (330 fmol/mL) was the target antigen in IPCR assays developed by Wu et al. [48] and Chao et al. [88]. In these assays, detection limits of 5 fg (33 amol) and 50 fg (330 amol), respectively, were found. 

Wu HC, Huang YL, Lai SC, Huang YY, Shaio MF. Detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A using immuno-PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 2001 32(5) 321—325. 

Staddon JM, Bouzyk MM, Rozengurt E (1991) A novel approach to detect toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in intact cells its use to study the action of Pasteu-rella multocida toxin. In J. Cell Biol. 115,No.4 949-58 Wiegers W, Just I, Muller H et al. (1991) Alteration of the cytoskeleton of mammalian cells cultured in vitro by Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin and C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase. In Eur. J. Cell Biol. 54 237-45... 

Sharma, S.K., Ferreira, J.L., Eblen, B.S., and Whiting, R.C. 2006. Detection of type A, B, E, andF Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins in foods by using an amphfied enzyme-hnked immunosorbent assay with digoxigenin-labeled antibodies. Appl. Environ. Micorbiol. 72 1231-1248. 

Sharma, S. K., Eblen, B. S., Bull, R. L., Burr, D. H., and Whiting, R. C. (2005) Evaluation of lateral-flow Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin detection kits for food analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71, 3935-3941... 

Rivera, V.R., Gamez, F.J., Keener, W.K., White, J.A., and Poli, M.A. (2006) Rapid detection of Clostridium botulinum toxins A, B, E, and F in clinical samples, selected food matrices, and buffer using paramagnetic bead based electrochemiluminescence detec tion. Analytical Biochemistry, 353, 248 256. 

Fig. 9.5.6 Direct detection and amplification of the protein toxin Clostridium botulinum toxin A (toxoid). The upper line is an average of three channels with ant -botulinum antibody on the surface.

Table 4. PCR detection of type A, B, and E neurotoxin genes in 205 strains of Clostridium botulinum and 5 strains of Clostridium butyricum ...

Dezfulian, M., Hatheway, C.L., Yolken, R.H., and Bartlett, J.G., 1984, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum type A and type B toxins in stool samples from infants with botulism, J. Clin. Microbiol. 20 379-383. 

Doellgast, G.J., Beard, G.A., Bottoms, J.D., Cheng, T., Roh, B.H., Roman, M.G., Hall, P.A., and Triscott, M.X., 1994, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme-linked coagulation assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A, B, and E and solution-phase complexes with dual-label antibodies, J. Clin. Microbiol 32 105-111. 

Ferreira, J.L., Baumstark, B.R., Hamdy, M.K., and McCay, S.G., 1993, Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Clostridium botulinum type A in foods, J. Food Protect. 56 18-20. 

Franciosa, G., Ferreira, J.L., and Hatheway, C.L., 1994, Detection of type A, B, and E botulism neurotoxin genes in Clostridium botulinum and other Clostridium species by PCR evidence of unexpressed type B toxin genes in type A toxigenic organisms, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32 1911-1917. 

Gibson, A.M., Modi, N.K., Roberts, T.A., Hambleton, R, and Melling, J., 1988, Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for detecting type B Clostridium botulinum toxin produced in pure culture and an inoculated model cured meat system, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 64 285-291. 

Kautter, D.A., and Solomon, H.M., 1977, Collaborative study of a method for the detection of Clostridium botulinum and its toxins in foods, J. Assoc. Off. Anal Chem. 60 541-545. 

Kozaki, S., Dufrenne, J., Hagenaars, A.M., and Notermans, S., 1979, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Clostridium botulinum type B toxin, Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 32 199-205. 

Lewis, G.E.J., Kulinski, S.S., Reichard, D.W, and Metzger, J.F., 1981, detection of Clostridium botulinum type G toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42 1018-1022. 

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