Closed traverse

Closed traverse Term used to indicate the closeness of two surveys one survey going in the hole and the second survey coming out of the hole. 

First Method. Inside four main box columns four physical pendula were hung. For each storey closed traverse was established with vertices, which are not stabilized, but only marked for each periodic measurement by forced centering system of theodolite, range-finder, targets and reflectors. Only in the network established on the ground floor these vertices were fixed permanently. Monitored points were marked on all wall columns of supporting construction for each storey. Directions and horizontal distances were measured from traverse vertices to monitored points and pendula periodically. 

Dislocations are characterized by the Burgers vector, which is the exua distance covered in traversing a closed loop around die core of the dislocation, compared with the conesponding distance traversed in a normal lattice, and is equal to about one lattice spacing. This circuit is made at right angles to the dislocation core of an edge dislocation, but parallel to the core of a screw dislocation. 

Plain slideways are preferred in the majority of applications. Only a thin film of lubricant is present, so its properties - especially its viscosity, adhesion and extreme-pressure characteristics - are of vital importance. If lubrication breaks down intermittently, a condition is created known as stick-slip , which affects surface finish, causes vibration and chatter and makes close limits difficult to hold. Special adhesive additives are incorporated into the lubricant to provide good bonding of the oil film to the sliding surfaces, which helps to overcome the problems of table and slideway lubrication. On long traverses, oil may be fed through grooves in the underside of the slideway. 

Solids Circulation Pattern. Yang et al. (1986) have shown that, based on the traversing force probe responses, three separate axial solids flow patterns can be identified. In the central core of the bed, the solid flow direction is all upward, induced primarily by the action of the jets and the rising bubbles. In the outer regions, close to the vessel walls, the solid flow is all downward. A transition zone, in which the solids move alternately upward and downward, depending on the approach and departure of the large bubbles, was detected in between these two regions. 

The spotted TLC plates, after evaporation of the sample solvent, is placed in a closed chamber saturated with vapours of the developing solvent(s). One end of the plate is then wetted with the developer by means of either ascending-technique or the descending-technique as shown in Figure 28.2 (a), (b). After the developer has traversed one-half to two-thirds the total length of the TLC plate, the latter is removed from the chamber, air-dried and the positions of the components are located by any of several methods. 

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