System, closed-loop cooling

Reactor coolant primary circulation system Depending on design, this closed-loop cooling system may recirculate high-purity treated water or other fluid at 300,000 to 450,000 US gpm (1,136-1,704 m3/m), and at velocities of 15 to 16 ft/s 4.5 to 4.9 m/s. 

Chemical that, in water, resists changes in pH, such as sodium borate in Nitrite/Borate Programs for closed-loop cooling systems. 

Three steps eliminate these odor problems. The first is a distillate recovery system that recovers most of the fatty acid as a byproduct and many of the associated odors in the deodorizer vapor discharge. The second is a closed-loop cooling system that keeps the fat-laden hot well water out of the cooling tower. The third is a vapor scrubbing or oxidation system to eliminate volatile organic compounds that are not removed in the previous two steps. 

The most familiar example of batch treatment is the antomobile cooling system. A qnantity of inhibitor is added at one time to provide protection for an extended period. Additional inhibitor may be added periodically, or the fluid may be drained and replaced with a new supply. In most aerated, closed-loop cooling systems, it is important that the inhibitor concentration be measnred occasionally to ensure that a safe level is maintained (Li et al. 2011). 

The component cooling water system is a closed loop cooling system that transfers heat from various plant components to the service water system during normal phases of operation. It removes heat from various components needed for plant operation and removes core decay heat and sensible heat for normal reactor shutdown and cooldown. 

To summarize, a closed-loop cooling system has been described, with the primary emphasis on the design and operation of the diaphragm compressor. A system of this type has been operated for a period of over 500 hr at a cryostat tip temperature of -175°C. Our concept of a compressor package which may find use in a typical infrared system has also been explained. For future applications, this design concept has been extended and a combination nitrogen—neon system has been tested. This may result in an air-borne system capable of cooling detector cells to a temperature of 30 to 40 K. 

CAS 111-30-8 8001-54-5 EINECS/ELINCS 203-856-5 204479-9 Uses Microbicide, slimicide, bactericide, algicide, surfactant for water treatment, recirculating cooling towers, air washer systems, recirculating process water, closed loop cooling systems, reverse osmosis, to clean and penetrate microbiologically fouled suifs. 

NOTE Strongly alkaline, closed loop LPHW system formulations, such as nitrite/borates, typically include an azole product at about 4 to 5% (50% solution). Lower alkalinity products (often the molybdates) have significantly less, perhaps only 0.5%. For comparison, open cooling water and chilled water system formulations typically contain about 2 to 3 % (50% solution) azole. 

NOTE Many closed-loop cooling water systems are not, in fact, closed, as they contain open-top, return-water tanks. This provides a continuous source of oxygen from the air into the system, with the result that the risk of corrosion greatly increases. Adequate attention should be paid to countering this risk, perhaps by an improved corrosion-inhibitor treatment or a floating blanket or plastic balls in the water tank (which help to minimize the ingress of air). 

Double with TEFC gland with air-cooled system Long seal life Pump can be run dry if flow is lost Closed-loop seal system No freeze protection of seal liquid piping More expensive than other options Compressed air or nitrogen must be supplied to seal Contamination of caustic possible if seal fails... 

Any possible radioactive leakage from the foregoing reactor equipment would be to, and would be confined in, the closed loop cooling water system, which is monitored continuously for radioactivity. A surge tank is used to accommodate system volume swell and shrinkage and to provide a means for adding makeup water and inhibitors. 

Polyethylene plants are small process water consumers. Process water consumption is restricted to water for steam production (high pressure polyethylene plants), cooling water towers and pellet cooling water systems. To reduce the consumption of water, plants are equipped with closed loop cooling tower systems. 

Cooling channels should be in parallel to the waterline and never in series. Each cooling outlet should be equipped with a valve to regulate the rate of flow independently. Plant cooling water is generally sufficient to keep the mold at about 15°-21 C (60 -70 F) but a cooler with a closed loop recirculation system can be used. 

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